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    Hot and Humid Climate

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    bhumika mehta
    The document discusses the hot and humid climate found in coastal regions of India, including its key characteristics. It notes temperatures typically range from 27-32°C max and 21-27°C min, with high humidity around 75%. Areas affected include coastal plains from Goa to West Bengal. Architectural adaptations for this climate include maximizing ventilation, shading from solar radiation, and using light reflective materials.

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    Hot and Humid Climate

    Uploaded by

    bhumika mehta
    290 views30 pages
    The document discusses the hot and humid climate found in coastal regions of India, including its key characteristics. It notes temperatures typically range from 27-32°C max and 21-27°C min, with high humidity around 75%. Areas affected include coastal plains from Goa to West Bengal. Architectural adaptations for this climate include maximizing ventilation, shading from solar radiation, and using light reflective materials.

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    architecture for hot and humid climate

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    The document discusses the hot and humid climate found in coastal regions of India, including its key characteristics. It notes temperatures typically range from 27-32°C max and 21-27°C min, with high humidity around 75%. Areas affected include coastal plains from Goa to West Bengal. Architectural adaptations for this climate include maximizing ventilation, shading from solar radiation, and using light reflective materials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    290 views30 pages

    Hot and Humid Climate

    Uploaded by

    bhumika mehta
    The document discusses the hot and humid climate found in coastal regions of India, including its key characteristics. It notes temperatures typically range from 27-32°C max and 21-27°C min, with high humidity around 75%. Areas affected include coastal plains from Goa to West Bengal. Architectural adaptations for this climate include maximizing ventilation, shading from solar radiation, and using light reflective materials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    HOT AND HUMID

    CLIMATE
    SYNOPSIS
    FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE
    TROPICAL CLIMATE
    CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE
    AREAS INFLUENCED BY HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE
    TEMPERATURE VARIATION THROUGHOUT INDIA
    ELUCIDATION OF HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE IN SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE COUNTRY
    THERMAL COMFORT
    BIOCLIMATIC CHART
    APPLICATION OF CLIMATOLOGY AND CLIMATIC DESIGN PROCESS IN ARCHITECTURE

    FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE


    AIR TEMPERATURE
    WIND (VELOCITY & DIRECTION)
    HUMIDITY
    PRECIPITATION (AS RAIN,FROST HAIL, SNOW, FOG)
    SOLAR RADIATION
    EQUATOR TROPIC OF CANC
    TROPIC OF HUMID SEMI HUMID
    CAPRICON

    MAP SHOWING PRINCIPLE CLIMATES OF


    THE WORLD
    CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT AND HUMID
    CLIMATE
    TEMPERATURE RANGES FROM
    MAXIMUM TEMP. 27C 32C
    MINIMUM TEMP. 21C 27C
    IN SUMMERS
    IN WINTERS,
    LITTLE SEASONAL VARIATIONS BOTH ANNUAL AND DIURNAL RANGES OF TEMPERATURE IS
    VERY NARROW.
    HUMIDITY REMAINS HIGH AROUND 75% BUT VARIES FROM 55% - 100%.
    PRECIPITATION
    2000 TO 5000 mm OF RAINFALL
    WIND
    TYPICALLY LOW WIND VELOCITIES.
    STRONG WIND WITH TORRENTIAL RAINS.
    SOLAR RADIATION
    THE INTENSITY OF SOLAR RADIATION IS HIGH DURING SUMMERS AND MODERATE DURING
    WINTERS.
    AREAS INFLUENCED BY THIS
    CLIMATE
    COASTAL PLAINS OF PENINSULAR INDIA

    GOA
    MUMBAI (MAHARASHTRA)
    VISHAKHAPATNAM (AP)
    THIRUVANANTHAPURAM (KERALA)
    CHENNAI (TAMIL NADU)
    KOLKATA (WEST BENGAL)
    PURI (ORISSA)
    TRIPURA
    KOZHIKODE
    GULF OF KUTCHH
    THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE IS ALMOST PERENNIAL AND DOMINANT IN THESE REGIONS.

    TEMP. VARIATIONS THROUGHOUT


    INDIA

    CITY SUMMER SUMMER WINTER WINTER


    DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT

    CHENNAI 37.3 27.6 28.2 21

    KOLKATA 34.1 26.7 27 14

    MUMBAI 31.9 26.3 30.9 20.8

    PURI 31.7 27.4 27.2 17.7

    TRIVANDRUM 29.4 23.6 30.9 22.5

    TRIPURA 36.2 20.5 27.1 7

    GOA 30 20 25 15
    GOA
    The climate of Goa is equable and humid throughout the year. It is very pleasant and
    temperate from October to May. It is wet only during the monsoon or rainy season,
    from June to September.

    Rainfall-

    The monsoon bursts over the territory in the beginning of June and withdraws from it
    by early October. The annual rainfall is 350 cm.

    Temperature-

    Temperature variations through the seasons are mild. May is the warmest month
    when the temperature is around 30 deg. Celsius and January the coolest with a mean
    daily temperature of 25 deg. Celsius.

    Humidity-

    Due to the proximity of the sea, the territory is generally humid. Even during the
    summer months it is generally above 60 %.

    Cloudiness-

    Skies are clear to lightly clouded from November to May. There is a sharp increase in
    cloudiness with the advance and onset of the monsoons
    GOA
    MUMBAI
    MONTH MAX .TEMP. MIN. TEMP. HUMIDITY PRECIPITATION

    JANUARY 27 15 61-73 FOG

    FEBRUARY 29-30 17 SMOG

    MARCH 30 33 18 22 95 SMOG AFFECTS CITY

    APRIL 35 24

    MAY 37 27 67 - 77

    JUNE 32 27 PRE MONSOON

    JULY 30 25 MAX. RAINFALL OF 944


    mm.

    AUGUST 30 25-24 LESSER RAIN

    SEPTEMBER & 30 25 NON-CONTINUOUS


    OCTOBER

    NOVEMBER & 28 18-12 LOW NO PRECIPITATION


    DECEMBER
    COLABA
    SANTACRUZ
    THERMAL
    COMFORT
    Comfort has been defined as the condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the
    environment.
    BIOCLIMATIC CHART
    Bioclimatic charts facilitate the analysis of the climate characteristics of a given location from the
    viewpoint of human comfort, as they present, on a psychrometric chart, the concurrent
    combination of temperature and humidity at any given time.
    They can also specify building design guidelines to maximize indoor comfort conditions when the
    buildings interior is not mechanically conditioned.
    CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE
    Since beginning, climate has its effects on man,
    surroundings and architecture
    Weather elements forced man to look for shelters
    A climate responsive architecture takes advantage of
    the free energy in the form of heat and light.
    An adaptive thermal comfort design is essential.

    REQUIREMENTS IN A HOT AND


    HUMID CLIMATE
    Minimization of the high day temp.
    Avoidance of direct exposure of facades to solar radiations
    Reduction in the humidity levels
    Continuous air circulation to reduce heat and relief from stickiness!
    To create a temp. difference between the inside and outside
    environments to facilitate evaporation and heat dissipation.

    CLIMATIC DESIGN PROCEDURE


    To define climatic design process according to comfort zone, it could be divided to four main
    parts:

    A. Study of the design subject (climate-activities-clothing-etc.)


    Designer should be able to fully understand the climate and comfort needs as well as all
    architectural issues related to the project.

    B. Defining the comfort zone (monthly-daily)


    The monthly or daily comfort zone should be defined

    C. Gathering the climatic design advices (shading-thermal mass-evaporative cooling-thermal


    insulation- suitable orientation.)
    Clear design advices could be derived from previous studies to give directions for each
    issue in building such as site design, form, ventilation, solar gains, window sizing, thermal mass,
    passive heating and cooling, materials

    D. Designing the project (a climatic building)


    Architect is able to form a climatic building.
    INFLUENCE ON ARCHITECTURE
    FENESTRATION

    Semi open spaces for light and air


    movement

    Larger windows for ventilation.

    FACADE
    ARTICULATION
    Max. ventilation
    Orientation of smaller side of structur
    west
    North-south orientation for max. air m
    High density of faade that is open an
    Faint/pale colours on outer surfaces
    Building materials with insulating/refl
    properties that resist heat transfer.
    ROOFING PATTERN

    Voids in roof and courtyards provide max. light and cross ventilation
    Houses are tall with large openings to catch breeze
    Light colors and reflective surfaces on roofs will deflect solar radiations and keep the building
    cool.
    Light materials such as timber are used in construction

    Sloping roof is a characteristic of these regions as it drains off rain water. Barrel-vaulted roof can
    also be seen.
    Dense growth of plantations in the outdoors
    KERALA: ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE
    AND ARCHITECTURE
    WIND:
    In most parts of the State flow of wind is mainly
    governed by differential heating of land and water
    mass together with mountain winds.
    Winds have westerly component during the day
    and easterly components during the night
    throughout the year.
    In general, winds are quite strong during daytime
    when thermal circulation is best developed and
    weak during night.

    HUMIDITY:
    Relative humidity ranges from 53% to 72%
    during the hot weather season.
    It is about 85% or above during the monsoon
    season.

    AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL:


    Receives an average annual rainfall of 3300mm.
    KERALA
    MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE

    Stations 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

    Trivandrum city 23.5 23.4 23.3 23.5 24.1 23.4 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.1

    Kozhikode city 24.0 24.3 24.2 24.5 24.9 24.2 24.2 24.4 24.5 24.7

    Punalur dna 22.2 22.1 22.1 23.0 22.3 21.9 22.0 22.1 22.1

    Trivandrum (AP) 23.8 23.9 23.7 24.0 24.1 23.9 24.2 23.8 23.4 24.1

    Kottayam 22.9 23.6 23.3 23.5 23.6 22.8 21.4 22.7 22.8 22.9

    Kannur 23.4 23.5 23.4 23.7 24.1 23.5 23.5 23.4 23.7 23.7

    Palakkad 22.7 23.4 23.6 23.6 24.1 23.4 dna dna dna dna

    Kochi (AP) 24.2 24.4 24.4 24.3 24.7 24.4 24.1 24.5 24.7 24.1

    Alappuzha 24.1 24.3 24.1 24.3 24.6 23.9 23.9 23.6 23.3 22.6

    Karipur 23.4 23.6 23.4 23.7 24.2 23.6 23.4 23.5 23.3 23.5

    Vellanikkara dna 22.5 23.2 33.7 23.1 23 23.1 23.4 23.3 23.5
    Presentation on

    ARCHITECTURE
    IN
    WARM
    AND
    HUMID CLIMATE
    AR. GEOFFREY BAWA
    Deshmanya Geoffrey Manning BAWA(23 July 1919
    27 May 2003) was a Sri Lankan architect.
    Geoffrey Bawa's work range mainly in Sri Lanka,
    however he has worked in several other countries as
    well: nine times in India, three times in Indonesia, twice
    in Mauritius and once
    in Japan, Pakistan, Fiji, Egypt and Singapore. His works
    include houses, hotels, schools, clubs, offices and
    government buildings, most notably the Sri Lankan
    Parliament Building.

    BAWAS
    ARCHITECTURAL
    CAREER
    Bawas architectural career began at the end of 1957 when, at the age of thirty-eight, he returned
    to Ceylon after completing his studies at the Architectural Association (the A.A.) in London and
    became a partner in the near moribund firm of Edwards Reid and Begg.
    Latitude: +6.93 (655'48"N)
    Longitude: +79.85 (7951'00"E)
    Time zone: UTC+5:30 hours
    Country: Sri Lanka
    Continent: Asia
    Sub-region: Southern Asia

    OREINTATION

    Orientation
    to minimize
    sun
    radiation
    impact.
    STONE PILLARS

    CENTRAL
    COURTYARDS
    The advantage of courtyard
    and veranda is proper
    ventilation and controlled
    humidity.
    Cross ventilation is done
    properly.
    Movement of air is perfect
    in the building by central
    courtyard.

    Orientation to
    maximize natural
    ventilation by
    winds.
    MAINLY USE OF
    STONE

    Sill
    leve WINDOWS SILL LEVEL SHOULD BE FITTED
    ABOVE THE EYE LEVEL.
    l at TO PROTECT THE INTERIOR THE REFLECTED
    eye SUNLIGHT FROM GROUND.

    leve
    l
    Exterior detail showing lattice
    windows

    Exterior view of entrance Exterior detail of carved


    to foyer wood pillar
    Topographical
    location with
    maximum air
    velocity and shade.
    PLINTH LEVEL OF
    BUILDING
    GENERALLY 5-7
    FEeT FROM G.L.

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