Inverse Z Transform
Inverse Z Transform
Inverse Z Transform
Content and Figures are from Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 2e by Oppenheim, Shafer, and Buck, ©1999-2000 Prentice Hall
Inc.
The Inverse Z-Transform
• Formal inverse z-transform is based on a Cauchy integral
• Less formal ways sufficient most of the time
– Inspection method
– Partial fraction expansion
– Power series expansion
• Inspection Method
– Make use of known z-transform pairs such as
1
a un
n
Z
z a
1 az1
– Example: The inverse z-transform of
n
1 1 1
Xz z xn un
1 2 2
1 z 1
2
Copyright (C) 2005 Güner Arslan EEE 315- Digital Signal Processing 2
Inverse Z-Transform by Partial Fraction Expansion
• Assume that a given z-transform can be expressed as
M
b z k
k
Xz k 0
N
k
a
k 0
z k
M N N
Ak s
Cm
Xz B z r
r 0
r
k 1,k i 1 dk z 1
m 1 1 d z
i
1
m
Ak 1 dk z 1 Xz z d
k
Cm
1
s m! di s m
ds m
s m
s
1
1 diw X w
dw w di1
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Example: 2nd Order Z-Transform
1 1
Xz ROC : z
1 1 1 1 2
1 z 1 z
4 2
– Order of nominator is smaller than denominator (in terms of z-1)
– No higher order pole
A1 A2
Xz
1 1 1 1
1 z 1 z
4 2
1 1 1
A1 1 z Xz 1
4 1 1 1
1
z
4 1
2 4
1 1
A2 1 z 1 Xz 2
2 1 1 1
1
z
2 1
4 2
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Example Continued
1 2 1
Xz z
1 1 1 1 2
1 z 1 z
4 2
n n
1 1
xn 2 un - un
2 4
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Example #2
Xz
1 2z 1 z 2
1 z 1
2
z 1
3 1 1 2
1 z z
2 2
1 1
1 z 1 z
2
1
• Long division to obtain Bo
1 5z 1
Xz 2
2
1 2 3 1 2
z z 1 z 2z
1
1
1 1
1 z 1 z
2
1
2 2
z 2 3z 1 2 A1 A2
Xz 2
5z 1 1 1 1 1 z 1
1 z
2
1
A1 1 z 1 Xz
2 1
9
A2 1 z1 Xz z 1
8
z
2
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Example #2 Continued
9 8
Xz 2 z 1
1 1 1 z 1
1 z
2
n
1
xn 2n 9 un - 8un
2
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Inverse Z-Transform by Power Series Expansion
• The z-transform is power series
Xz xn z
n
n
• In expanded form
Xz x 2 z2 x 1 z1 x0 x1 z1 x2 z2
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Z-Transform Properties: Time Shifting
xn no
Z
zno Xz ROC R x
• Here no is an integer
– If positive the sequence is shifted right
– If negative the sequence is shifted left
• The ROC can change the new term may
– Add or remove poles at z=0 or z=
• Example
1 1
Xz z
1
z
1 1 z 1 4
4
n-1
1
xn un - 1
4
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Z-Transform Properties: Multiplication by Exponential
znoxn
Z
Xz / zo ROC zo R x
2
1/2 1/2
Xz z r
1 re jo z 1 1 re jo z 1
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Z-Transform Properties: Differentiation
dXz
nxn
Z
z ROC R x
dz
• Example: We want the inverse z-transform of
Xz log1 az1 z a
an
xn 1 un 1
n 1
Copyright (C) 2005 Güner Arslan EEE 315- Digital Signal Processing 13
Z-Transform Properties: Conjugation
x* n
Z
X* z* ROC R x
• Example
Xz xn z n
n
X z xn z n
x n z n
n n
x n z x n z
X z n n
Z x n
n n
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Z-Transform Properties: Time Reversal
1
x n
Z
X1 / z ROC
Rx
• ROC is inverted
• Example:
xn anu n
1 - a-1z 1
Xz z a1
1 az 1 - a-1z 1
Copyright (C) 2005 Güner Arslan EEE 315- Digital Signal Processing 15
Z-Transform Properties: Convolution
x1 n x2 n
Z
X1 zX2 z ROC : R x1 R x2
• Convolution in time domain is multiplication in z-domain
• Example:Let’s calculate the convolution of
x1 n anun and x2 n un
1 1
X1 z ROC : z a X 2 z ROC : z 1
1 az1 1 z1
• Multiplications of z-transforms is
1
Y z X1 z X2 z
1 az1 1 z 1
• ROC: if |a|<1 ROC is |z|>1 if |a|>1 ROC is |z|>|a|
• Partial fractional expansion of Y(z)
1 1 1
Y z 1
1
asume ROC : z 1
1 a 1 z 1 az
yn
1
1a
un an1un
Copyright (C) 2005 Güner Arslan EEE 315- Digital Signal Processing 16