Lourdes S. Lim, Ed.

D
Rosalina A. Caubic, Ed. D
Luvimi L. Casihan, Ph.D
 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE TEACHERS:

RICH WITH PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE

Behind a successful teacher is his/her philosophy of education.

Menchie Pinuela-Lazaro SN: 20170870 BSED - English

 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

INTRODUCTION:
Teachers need to be guided by the sound philosophy in the practice of their
profession.

Teachers plan lessons, interact with their students and evaluate their
performance according to their own personal view of teaching and learning.

It is important that teachers and students understand one another’s

philosophy.

Menchie Pinuela-Lazaro SN: 20170870 BSED - English

 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

What is Philosophy?
A set of ideas that answer question about the
nature of reality and about the meaning of life.

Originated with the ancient Greek word Philo means

love and Sophie means wisdom.

Philosophy is therefore the love of wisdom

Menchie Pinuela-Lazaro SN: 20170870 BSED - English

 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

Three Branches Philosophy?

addresses reality.

Two Categories of Philosophy

1. Onthology – examines issues related to nature, existence or being.
2. Cosmology – related with the nature and origin of the universe.

Is concerned with the nature of knowledge – how we come to know

about things, or how we acquire knowledge.

and its corollaries relate to value.

Study of values.

Categories of Axiology
1. Ethics - relate to issues in morality and conduct.
2. Aesthetics - concerned with beauty.

Menchie Pinuela-Lazaro SN: 20170870 BSED - English

 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

What is Philosophy of Education?

is a set of beliefs that influence what and how students are taught. Teachers’
philosophy of education guides their behaviour and performance in the classroom.

PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF EDUCATION

Philosophies present general views of reality. There major philosophies are presented
in this chapter to help you formulate your own philosophy.

Menchie Pinuela-Lazaro SN: 20170870 BSED - English

 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

ELEMENTS YOU WOULD INCLUDE IN YOUR

PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
1. IDEALISM
contends that reality lies in our consciousness or our intellect. Idealist believe
that perfect knowledge of the ideal resided outside humans as an Absolute or as God.

IDEALIST TEACHERS
1.1 believe that the schools are the repositories of eternal truth which organized the
hierarchical curriculum in education.
1.2 believe that on top of this hierarchy are the most important subjects
that cultivate abstract thinking.
1.3 believe in the use of Socratic method
1.4 believe that thinking and learning are the process of bringing
latent ideas.
1.5 believe that teachers should lead exemplary lives and be models
for students to imitate.
1.6 believe that internet can make the great book accessible to all.

Carlo Mendones
 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

ELEMENTS YOU WOULD INCLUDE IN YOUR

PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
2. REALISM
Realist believe that the objects we perceive exist independently of the mind;
that whether or not we perceive these objects, they really exist in the world.

REALIST TEACHERS
2.1 believe that teachers should be equipped with a wide repertoire of methods in
teaching to achieve their goals.
2.2 believe that their primary responsibility is to bring students’ ideas that
the world into reality
2.3 believe that deductive and inductive logic, and the scientific method are reliable
means to discover knowledge.
2.4 believe that the inclusion of non-academic activities interfere with the
school’s primary purpose as a center of disciplined academic inquiry

2.5 believe in the use of technology as an aid in learning; they

recommend computer program to be as “realistic” and effective as
possible.
Carlo Mendones
 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

ELEMENTS YOU WOULD INCLUDE IN YOUR PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

3. PRAGMATISM evaluates the truth and meaning of ideas according to their physical
consequences and practical value.

REALIST TEACHERS
3.1 believe that education is an experimental process.
3.2 believe that children should learn how to make difficult decision.
3.3 believe that education should focus in real-life problems.
3.4 believe that student should learn the process of problem-solving rather than
being passive learning.
3.5 believe in collaborative learning where students share their interest and problems.
3.6 believe that interdisciplinary education is better than departmentalized
curriculum I education
3.7 believe in taking risk in education to achieve their goal.
3.8 believe in values-clarification rather than blindly accepting inherited values.
3.9 believe that communication technologies such as e-mail and internet provide
opportunities to share ideas, insights, and experiences.
Gayon, Johanna Mae
 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

OTHER PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES RELATED TO EDUCATION

1. PERENNIALISM
assert that the primary purpose of education is to bring students in contact with the truth by
cultivating their intellect and sense of rationality or reasoning power.

PERENNIALIST TEACHERS
1.1 believe that teachers are the intellectual mentors and models for
their students.
1.2 believe that fundamental skills such as reading, writing,
computation and research be developed starting the elementary
grades to prepare them for lifelong learning.
1.3 believe that subjects with human concern like history, literature, drama,
and art should be include in the secondary school curriculum.
1.4 believe that their role is to sharpen the students’ intellectual powers
and enhance their moral qualities.
1.5 believe that electronic version of great books are classics maybe
viewed by larger audience but this could not be a substitute for
reading the classics.
Gayon, Johanna Mae
 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

OTHER PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES RELATED TO EDUCATION

2. ESSENTIALISM
is a teacher-centered philosophy thatadheres to the belief that the basic skills of literacy
(reading and writing) and numeracy (arithmetic) as well as subject matter knowledge should be
developed in school.
ESSENTIALIST TEACHERS
2.1 Believe that teachers have authority to discipline students.

2.2 Believe that teachers should have mastery of knowledge and skills they teach

2.3 Believe in the use of deductive method of teaching

2.4 Believe that students should learn the “essentials”

2.5 Believe that only when the students have mastered the required competencies
can they be promoted to the higher level

2.6 Believe that test scores are the basis for evaluating students’ progress

Del Monte, Danica Rose

 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

OTHER PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES RELATED TO EDUCATION

3. PROGRESSIVISM
progressivists belong to a reform movement that opposed the traditional education.

PROGRESSIVIST TEACHERS
3.1 Believe that teachers should possess a repertoire of learning activities to be used in the
teaching-learning process like problem-solving, field trips, creative artistic expression and projects.

3.2 Believe that the child should be free to develop naturally

3.3 Believe that interest motivated by direct experience stimulates learning

3.4 Believe that the teacher is a facilitator of learning

3.5 Believe that there should be close cooperation between the home and the school

3.6 Believe that students’ needs, interest, and readiness should be

considered in constructing the curriculum

Del Monte, Danica Rose

 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

OTHER PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES RELATED TO EDUCATION

4. SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM
this is theory rooted on progressivism. In fact, social reconstructionists were considered as
more socially-oriented progressivist.

SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONIST TEACHERS

4.1 Believe that school is the ideal place to begin alleviating social problem.

4.2 Believe in using project method and problem-solving method in teaching.

4.3 Believe that research is an effective means in solving problems of society.

4.4 Believe that the intellectual, emotional, and personal needs to the students should be
considered in the learning process

3.5 Believe that teachers must model democratic principles.

Madoro, Sarah Marie

 Chapter 1: Socially Responsible Teachers: Rich with Philosophical Heritage

OTHER PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES RELATED TO EDUCATION

5. EXISTENTIALISM
philosophy that emphasizes the subjectivity of human experience. It is more a process of
philosophizing than it is a philosophy.

EXISTENTIALIST TEACHERS
5.1 believe that the purpose of education is to awaken our consciousness about our freedom to choose and
create our own self-awareness that contributes to our identity.
5.2 Believe that students should be trained to philosophize, to question, and to participate in dialogues
about the meaning of life.
5.3 Believe that self expression, creativity, self-awareness, and self responsibility should be developed in
the students.
5.4 Believe that the intellectual, emotional, and personal needs to the students
should be considered in the learning process

5.5 Believe that open classrooms maximize freedom of choice.

5.6 Believe in self-directed instruction.

5.7 Believe that students should decide what they want to learn and when to
learn it.
Madoro, Sarah Marie