THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG

DANANG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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THE REPORT’S DESCRIPTION

Generic Floating
Liquefied Natural Gas Project
Trainee : 1. KHAI VO
2. LENH LE
3. TAN LE
Assoc. Prof – Ph.D: LAM NGUYEN DINH

Black Team H5

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 GANTT CHART_TEAM-WORK

PROJECT OVERVIEW

PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM

HYSYS DIAGRAM BUILDING

DEHYDRATION UNIT DESIGN

MERCURY REMOVAL UNIT DESIGN

ADDITION & EDITION

14/06 19/06 24/06 29/06 04/07 09/07 14/07 19/07 24/07 29/07 03/08 08/08 13/08
Time
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 Thermodynamic model selection

Establish the
Adsorption PFD
overview

Compare the results

Adsorbent selection

Regeneration’s calculation

Membrane overview

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 This is especially important in view of of rising concerns about environmental
pollution and nuclear power plant.
There is a very possilibity of trading natural gas is in the form of liquefied natural gas
(LNG).
=>Offshore gas reserves are
considered to be stranded.

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 An overview of the main systems of LNG FPSO facility
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 PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM

where it is treated to meet the mercury specifications before entering

the Liquefaction Unit
- will be water saturated.
- The CO2
- To remove gas and
is dried
H2S to
froma residual water
the feed gas to content of less and
prevent freezing than 1-ppmv in
blockage the
in the liquefaction unit
dehydration unit.
- To meet the product LNG specifications.

- To separate the condensate and water from the gas.

- To stabilize the condensate.
- Send the gas to AGRU and condensate to storage.
- To ensure that the acid gas remains below water saturation point while flowing
through the re-injection pipeline
- Avoiding hydrate formation and corrosion

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 Feed Property Unit Value
Temperature o C 45
Pressure Bara 64.3
Flow rate Kg/s 158.4
Composition Mol%
Water 0.175 SRK is choosed for the simulation
Nitrogen 0.319
Carbon Dioxide 0.0006
Ethane 89.9555
Propane 5.9304
i-Butane 2.0301
n-Butane 0.5850
Pentane+ 0.6505

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 Defined from “Gas_AR” steam
P=64.3 bara P=63.8 bara (1309)
T=45 oC T=25.07 oC

P=62 bara
Defined from “to feed” Steam T=20.8 oC
P=64.3 bara P=63.3 bara F=3.377e4 kgmol/h
(1314)
T=45.07 oC T=20.8 oC P=63.2 bara
Defined from “Water”
T=20.8 oC steam
F=

P=62 bara
T=20.8 oC P=64.3 bara
F=3.377e4 kgmol/h T=45.89 oC
Defined from “Gas_W”
P=62 bara steam F=2706 kgmol/h
(1305)oC
T=20.8
F=2702 kgmol/h P=61.3 bara
T=303 oC
F=2719 kgmol/h
P=61.3 bara
P=62 bara T=20.8 oC
T=20.8 oC F=2702 kgmol/h
F=3.107e4 kgmol/h
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 Recycle_Project
Gas_After Mol-Dehy_Project
Feed Property Unit Value Value Value Value
Temperature oC 46.1 45.89 20.8 20.75

Gas_ToMol-Dehy_Simulation

Gas_To Mol-Dehy_Simulation
Mol-Dehy_Project
Pressure Bara 64.3 64.3 63.2 63.2

Recycle_Simulation
Flow rate Kg/s 12.5 12.54 170.3 170.7
Composition Mol% Mol% Mol% Mol%
Water 0.000001 0.0016 0.000377 0.0005
Nitrogen 0.003190 0.003197 0.003196 0.0031942
Carbon Dioxide 0.000006 0.0006 0.000006 0.0006
Methane 0.901502 0.8997545 0.899696 0.9000

Gas_After
Ethane 0.059398 0.0593132 0.059310 0.0593755
Propane 0.020307 0.0203011 0.020302 0.0203231
i-Butane 0.003533 0.0035391 0.003533 0.003543
n-Butane 0.005831 0.0058476 0.005831 0.0058539
Pentane+ 0.006223 0.0064641 0.006221 0.0064711

The error is small ( about 3%) ACCEPTABLE

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 The common commercial adsorbents used in
solid-bed dehydrators are molecular sieves,
silica gels, and activated alumina

Water content is
less than 1ppmv

Water molecule (with the nominal size of 2.6 A

(Campbell, 2000; Daiminger and Lind, 2004) Water molecule can be adsorbed on 3A, 4A, 5A, and
13X molecular sieves. 14
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 Type 4A is the most common sieve for
dehydration of gases and liquids

Type 3A is used for minimizing

coadsorption of CO2 and H2S.

Molecular sieves 5A and 13X are

commonly used for desulfurization
Molecular sieve types A and X structures (Secker and Zafirakis, 2011).

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(Campbell-Vol2-Gas Conditioning And Processing)
Assume the bed operation time/cycle, C
Compressibility factor, Z
Guess The maximum useful desiccant capacity, Xg

Water adsorbed/cycle

The bed diameter, d

The water loading, q

The superfacial velocity, νg
The mass transfer zone height, hZ

Partical Diameter, Dp The bed length, hB

Xa

No
|Xg-Xa|/Xg<=5%
pressure drop, ΔP Yes
Breakthrough time, B

B < C
Yes No No
STOP ΔP = 0.2÷0.7 bara 16
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 Parameter Units Value
F MMSCMD 9.683
W kgH2O/MMSCM 580
g kg/m3 55.32
Case
B Molar
kg/m3flow Diameter Breakthrough Pressure
680 drop
rate (m) time (bar)
Cycle (MMSCMD) (h) 1.5
Dp
2 tower m
19.365 4.62 10 0.004699
0.133
The error is Vg m/min 11.06
3 tower 9.683 3.27 16 0.399
small Z 0.856
(about C h 16
Satisfactory pressure drop Too large diameter will require a high
5.7%), can Xg kgH2O/100 kg desiccant 16
ΔP = d0.2 ÷ 0.7mbar Too length time will require a lot of
regeneration rate
be set regeneration and
and Too small
3.27decrease the age of
will cause too high
acceptable Breakthrough
q time
kg/m2.h the catalyst
27.83drop.
pressure
B = 8hz÷ 24h m 0.92 C=16h
hB m 4.1 d=3.5m
Xt kgH2O/100 kg desiccant 15.83
B h 15.85
ΔP bara 0.399
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 TH= 315C
Interval A: Almost all of the hydrocarbon
T4 = Interval D: Cooling. Temperature T < 50
will be removal 5
300C -55C to minimize presaturation of the
T3 =
127C desiccant.
T22 = T3 =
110C 127C

T1 = T5 = 41C
20.8C

Interval B: Almost all of the water will be

removal
Interval C: A final clean-up heavier
components

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 Hb, hz, Dbed Estimate the mass of vessel, kg
From test
Determine Average
choose T1,
Temperature for each step The energy in interval A, kg/J
T2, T3, T4, t5
TA, TB, TC, TD
and TH
The energy in interval B, kg/J
Mass of water,
desiccant, Cp, rH2O
The energy in interval C, kg/J

The energy in interval D, kg/J

Time length of each interval, hour

The regeneration mass flow rate (m), kg/s

Yes m = 5÷15% steam No

STOP
product
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 Interval A B C D
Q (kJ) 34647983.15 44822380.60 27971822.50 33365492.31
Loss
heating  (h) 1.12 1.85 2.23 1.80
about
5% Calculate(min) Data(min) Error(%)
m (kg/s) 12.7 12.5 1.4
Heating 311.83 280 10.21 Total is 8
hours but
Cooling 108.17 140 29.42 1 hour use
to standby
Regenerat
ion Time 𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 +𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑫 = 7
(h)

Mass flow rate (to MRU): 157.9 kg/s

Regeneration gas mass flow rate is approximately 8% of total dried gas to MRU
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 Temperature (oC)
Inlet and Outlet temperatures during regeneration cycle
350

300

250

200

150

100
Desorption
50
Heating
Cooling
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Inlet temperature Time (h)
Outlet temperature

Each adsorber undergoes following 24 hours adsorption-regeneration cycle:

Adsorption (16h), Regeneration (7h) and Standby (1h). 22
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 Membrane systems, which consist of semipermeable elements
=>Separate gases by selective permeation of the gas constituents

The relative permeation of the different

compounds for a typical cellulose
membrane.

Membrane separation is intended for

bulk removal, which results in high
hydrocarbon losses.

More advanced membrane design such as the spiral-wound membrane

element may reduce hydrocarbon losses
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 - Cheaper to install
- Operating and maintenance cost is lower
- Operator square is smaller
Compare to
AMD
- Losses of hydrocarbon products more
- Replacement cost of membranes is more
expensive
- There is no economy of scales

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 A Single Membrane Unit

A Two-stage Membrane System

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 One of the most effectives tools to remove mercury from oil and natural gas
based on adsorbent technology is the use of sorbent beds
Technology Non-regenerative mercury Regenerative mercury
sorbents adsorbents
Use sulfur (or Iodide)
Features impregnated on the sorbent Choose
Use silver impregnated CuS/Alumina
surface (activated Alumina, on molecular sieve. (CMG273 in project)
activated Carbon)
+ Simple method (not use
Advantages regenerative equipment) + Avoids accumulation of
+Can operate in a wet and mercury on the
dry gas environment adsorbent
+ The disposal of the used + Trace of mercury may
Disadvantages sorbent must follow a safety still show up in the
procedure regeneration gas
Example PURASPECTM materials UOP’s HgSIV sieve
“Mercury in extraction and refining process of crude oil and natural gas”
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 Feed Property Unit Value Axial beds Radial beds
Temperature o C 20.8
+ Low temperature
Pressure Bara 62
+ Simple design + High pressure
Flow rate Kg/s 158 + Low and medium + Large flow
Advantages pressure + Pressure drop at
Choose mercury + Temperature can least five times
be up to 95oC lower than an axial
removal reactors have design
used axial. Because + Inefficient at high
+ Inefficien low
pressure (>100
they are cheaper, Disadvantages bar)
temperature
+ Have more
simpler and a well + Medium and
complex interiors
small flow
technology.
Axial beds Radial beds

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 A sorbent bed (MxSy /AA) is
When the mercury and mercury
the union between:
compounds adsorbs physically by
a substrate support Hg + MxSy = MaSb + HgS
the sorbent bed, the metal reacts
(zeolite, activated carbon, Sulfur -
Impregnated with the reactive component to
metal oxide or alumina)
activated form a complex (HgS, HgI or
and a reactant (sulfur, alumina amalgam).
metal sulfide, and iodide) adsorption bed

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 Ad.Bed

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 Vgas=q.t.365
q=17.81 MMSCMD (From Hysys) The amout of gas exploited during t year, Sm3

t=4 years The adsorbed mercury mass, kg

mHg=(CHg1-CHg2).Vgas The necessary desiccant mass, kg

The actual desicant mass, kg

Hg+2CuS => HgS+Cu2S
The desiccant volumn, m3

The bed volumn, m3

Determine gas superfacial velocity, Vg Estimate bed height & diameter

pressure drop, ΔP
No
Yes
STOP ΔP = 0.2÷0.7 bara

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 Solver Calculation ERROR
Case din, m hbed, m ΔP, bar Case Δdin Δhbed,
1 4,3 4,85 0,33 % %
2 4,16 5,17 0,34 1 4,4 3
3 4,06 5,44 0,36 2 3,4 7,5
4 3,74 6,4 0,42 3 10,8 9,7
5 4,42 4,59 0,3 5 1,7 8,2
6 3,29 8,27 0,54 7 3,5 5
7 4,34 4,75 0,31

Project
din, m hbed, m ΔP, bar Selection Case 1, 7 are suitable condition
4,5 5 0,35
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 Items Value Unit
Flow rate 17.81 MMSCMD
Pressure 62 Bara
Temperature 20.8 oC

Life of catalyst 4 Years

Hg in the inlet gas 50 g/Nm 3

Hg in the outlet gas 10 g/Nm 3

Catalyst CuS/AA
Bed volumn 70.31 m3
Bed diameter 4.3 m
Bed height 4.85 m
Gas superficial velocity 8.95 m/min
Pressure drop 0.33 Bara
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 After 2 months working together, we achived useful knowledges:
 Create the Gantt Chart
 Understand the numbers of parts’s LNG FPSO facility
 Research on the way establish PFD
 Simulation is all of Molsieve Dehydration Unit and Mercury Removal
Unit by Hysys
 Learn the technologies that are applied to dehydration and mercury
removal.
 Comprehend the theoretical basis of adsorption and applications on
the Natural Gas Processing Technology
 Establish algorithm for the process calculations and determine
necessary parameters to design equipments
 The error is small and can accept result

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 THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Black Team H5
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