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    Chiari Malformation

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    Chiari malformation is a structural defect in the cerebellum and brain stem that causes them to herniate through the foramen magnum, the opening in the base of the skull. There are 5 types of Chiari malformation, with Type 1 being the most common where the cerebellar tonsils extend into the foramen magnum. Symptoms can range from neck pain and headaches to difficulty swallowing and muscle weakness. While there is no cure, treatment options aim to relieve pressure and symptoms, and may include surgery to enlarge the foramen magnum. Chiari malformation affects about 1 in 1000 children.

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    Chiari Malformation

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    api-388981686
    701 views15 pages
    Chiari malformation is a structural defect in the cerebellum and brain stem that causes them to herniate through the foramen magnum, the opening in the base of the skull. There are 5 types of Chiari malformation, with Type 1 being the most common where the cerebellar tonsils extend into the foramen magnum. Symptoms can range from neck pain and headaches to difficulty swallowing and muscle weakness. While there is no cure, treatment options aim to relieve pressure and symptoms, and may include surgery to enlarge the foramen magnum. Chiari malformation affects about 1 in 1000 children.

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    Chiari malformation is a structural defect in the cerebellum and brain stem that causes them to herniate through the foramen magnum, the opening in the base of the skull. There are 5 types of Chiari malformation, with Type 1 being the most common where the cerebellar tonsils extend into the foramen magnum. Symptoms can range from neck pain and headaches to difficulty swallowing and muscle weakness. While there is no cure, treatment options aim to relieve pressure and symptoms, and may include surgery to enlarge the foramen magnum. Chiari malformation affects about 1 in 1000 children.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    701 views15 pages

    Chiari Malformation

    Uploaded by

    api-388981686
    Chiari malformation is a structural defect in the cerebellum and brain stem that causes them to herniate through the foramen magnum, the opening in the base of the skull. There are 5 types of Chiari malformation, with Type 1 being the most common where the cerebellar tonsils extend into the foramen magnum. Symptoms can range from neck pain and headaches to difficulty swallowing and muscle weakness. While there is no cure, treatment options aim to relieve pressure and symptoms, and may include surgery to enlarge the foramen magnum. Chiari malformation affects about 1 in 1000 children.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Chiari Malformation

    By: Elizabeth Feczko

    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chiari-malformation/
    What is a Chiari Malformation?

    • Also known as CM
    • Opening in back of skull, called foramen magnum
    • Structural defects cause the cerebellum and brain stem to also pass through
    • 5 different types
    Causes of Chiari Malformations
    • Primary or congenital
    • During fetal development
    • More common
    • Acquired or secondary
    • Traumatic injury, disease, or infection
    • Causes CSF to drain excessively
    Type 1

    • Cerebellar tonsils extends into foramen magnum


    • Most common form
    • May not cause symptoms initially
    Type 2

    • Both cerebellum and brain stem extend into the foramen magnum
    • Surrounding nerve tissue may be missing or only partially formed
    • Sometimes accompanied by a myelomeningocele
    • Also known as Arnold-Chiari malformations
    Type 3

    • Most rare and serious form


    • Abnormal opening in the back of the skull
    • Brain stem and cerebellum herniate through the hole
    • Symptoms appear in infancy and are usually severe
    Type 4

    • Cerebellum is incomplete or underdeveloped


    • Also known as cerebellar hypoplasia
    • Cerebellum is located in its normal position, but parts of it are missing
    Symptoms

    • Neck pain
    • Ringing or buzzing in ears
    • Hearing or balance problems • Scoliosis
    • Muscle weakness or numbness • Insomnia
    • Dizziness
    • Difficulty swallowing or speaking
    • Depression
    • Vomiting • Hand-eye coordination problems
    • Seizures • Mental and physical delays
    • Paralysis
    Symptoms in Infants

    • Difficulty swallowing
    • Gagging
    • Irritability while being fed
    • Vomiting
    • Excessive drooling
    • Arm weakness
    • Weak crying
    • Stiff neck
    • Developmental delays
    • Breathing problems
    • Inability to gain weight

    http://www.the-
    registry.org/Credentials/InfantToddler.aspx
    Associated Conditions

    • Hydrocephalus
    • Spina Bifida
    • Syringomyelia
    • Tethered Cord Syndrome
    • Spinal Curvature
    http://www.scoliosissos.com/news/post/levoconvex-scoliosis
    Diagnosis

    • Ultrasound
    • MRI
    • X-rays
    • CT scan
    • Memory, cognition, balance, touch, reflexes, sensation, and motor skills.
    Treatment

    • Can become fatal over time


    • No cure currently exists
    • Chiari malfunctions show no symptoms
    • Regular MRI monitoring
    • Medication
    • More severe symptoms
    • Posterior fossa
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chiari-
    malformation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354010

    • Third ventriculostomy
    Research

    • Genetics
    • Brain mechanisms
    • Treatments
    http://www.humanbrainfacts.org/interesting-brain-facts-for-
    kids.php
    Statistics and Facts

    • Every 1 in 1000 children are born with a Chiari malformation


    • About 50% of people become symptom free after surgery, 20-30% improve
    significantly, 20% experience no relief or become worse
    • Surgery also fails 20% of the time for an unknown reason
    • The size of the malformation is not related to severity of symptoms
    • Many doctors aren’t familiar with the disease, therefore people often go
    years without a proper diagnosis
    Bibliography
    • “Chiari Malformation Awareness Sheet.” Chiari Malformation Awareness Sheet,
    www.conquerchiari.org/awareness/documents/Chiari%20Awareness%20Sheet.pdf.
    • “Chiari Malformation.” Edited by Joseph H. Piatt Jr., KidsHealth, The Nemours Foundation, Jan. 2017,
    kidshealth.org/en/parents/chiari.html.
    • “Chiari Malformation Fact Sheet.” National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, U.S. Department
    of Health and Human Services, www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-
    Sheets/Chiari-Malformation-Fact-Sheet#3.
    • “Chiari Malformation.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 7 Mar. 2018,
    www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chiari-malformation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354010.
    • “Chiari Malformation: Signs, Diagnosis & Treatment Options.” Chiari: The Most Important Facts You Need
    to Know | CSF, csfinfo.org/education/patient-information/chiari-malformation/.

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