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    Chemical Plant Design D

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    Febio Dalanta
    The document discusses instrumentation and control systems. It describes system control including manual control using indicators and automatic control using controllers. It explains control loops which involve sensing elements, transmitters, controllers, and valves. Common sensing elements, transmitters, control signals, and examples of piping and instrumentation diagrams (PIDs) are also described.

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    Chemical Plant Design D

    Uploaded by

    Febio Dalanta
    48 views12 pages
    The document discusses instrumentation and control systems. It describes system control including manual control using indicators and automatic control using controllers. It explains control loops which involve sensing elements, transmitters, controllers, and valves. Common sensing elements, transmitters, control signals, and examples of piping and instrumentation diagrams (PIDs) are also described.

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    Plant Design

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    The document discusses instrumentation and control systems. It describes system control including manual control using indicators and automatic control using controllers. It explains control loops which involve sensing elements, transmitters, controllers, and valves. Common sensing elements, transmitters, control signals, and examples of piping and instrumentation diagrams (PIDs) are also described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    48 views12 pages

    Chemical Plant Design D

    Uploaded by

    Febio Dalanta
    The document discusses instrumentation and control systems. It describes system control including manual control using indicators and automatic control using controllers. It explains control loops which involve sensing elements, transmitters, controllers, and valves. Common sensing elements, transmitters, control signals, and examples of piping and instrumentation diagrams (PIDs) are also described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Instrumentation & System Control

     System Control :
     Manual Control need Indicator to show the process parameter values to
    show the process parameter values ( ex. Temperature-TI, pressure-PI,
    Flow-FI)
     Automatic Control need Controller to control the process parameter
    values ( Temperature Controller-TC, Pressure Controller-PC, Flow
    Controller-FC
     Control Loop : a series of sensing element-transmitter-controller-valve control.
     Sensing element : to take the process parameter value (ex. Thermometer-
    Thermocouple, Flow meter, Pressure gauge).
     Transmitter : a device to convert sensing signal to control signal.
     Valve control : to adjust the flow of controlling variable.
     Control Signal can be sent by :
     Pneumatic signal : usually using pressurized air.
     Electric signal : DC current (12 – 24 volt).
    Coding in Instrumentation & Control System
    Control Loop - Pneumatic Valve Control – By Pass Flow
    Piping & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM – p&id
     P&ID shows the arrangement of the process equipments, piping , pumps,
    instruments, valves and other fittings (piping parts).
     Standards & Codes : ASME (American Society of Mechanical engineers);
    ANSI(American National Standard Institute); ISA (Instrument Symbols &
    Identification); ISO (International Standards Organization) and other standards.
     The P&ID will resemble the PFD, but the process information is not shown. The
    same equipment identification numbers should be used on both diagrams.
     All process equipment identified by equipment number. The equipment should be
    drawn roughly in proportion, and the locations of nozzles shown.
     All pipes identified by a line number, the pipe size and materials of construction
    should be shown. The material may be included as part of the line identification
    number.
     All valve, control and block valve with an identification number. The type and size
    should be shown. The type may be shown by the symbol used for the valve or
    included in the code used for the valve number.
     Pumps, identified by a suitable code number.
     Control loops and instruments with an identification number, illustrating the
    control strategy used to operate the process during the normal operations should be
    shown.
     For simple processes, the utility lines can be shown on the P&ID, but for complex
    processes, separate diagrams should be used to show the utility lines. However, the
    utility connections to each process equipment should be shown on the P&ID.
    Example for PFD : AMINE REGENERATOR
    Example P&ID : Amine Regenerator
    PIPING
     Codes: NPS (Nominal Pipe Size-ASME); DN(Diameter Nominal-ISO); SCH(Pipe
    Schedule-Pipe wall Thickness-ASME); Piping CLASS(Pressure Class-ASME);
    PN(Pressure Nominal in Bars-ISO).
     1 Bar = 14.7 psi = 100 kPa.
     Ex. NPS 1 correspond to DN 25 ; NPS ¾ correspond to DN 20
     Ex. Class 400 correspond to PN 68 ; Class 600 correspond to PN 110
     Ex. Pipe Codes in P&ID using ASME : 016-EBD-30”
     016 : line number
     E : Pressure Class E (ASME Code Class 600)
     B : Pipe Material (Carbon Steel -ASME )
     D : Governing Code (ASME B31.1)
     30” : Pipe size ( NPS – Inch )
    Example PFD : Pumps

     Different Coding : P-662115A/B


     P-662115A/B identifies the equipment as a pump.
     P-662115A/B indicates that the pump is located in area 662 of the plant.
     P-662115A/B indicates that this specific pump is number 115 in unit 662.
     P-662115A/B indicates that a backup pump is installed. Thus, there are two
    identical pumps, P-662115A and P-662115B. One pump will be operating while
    the other is idle.
    Example P&ID : Pump
    Example PFD : Reboiler of a Distillation Tower
    Example P&ID : Reboiler of a Distillation Tower
    Control Loop System

    Steam in

    Pneumatic signal
    V-1 TC V-2 TC
    out

    Process Flow

    Process out TT

    E-1 Electric signsl


    Condensate out

    Temp Sensing
    Element

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