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    Level Measurement (RADAR Trasnmitter)

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    febri_bontang
    Level measurement involves determining the height of the interface between two media. There are several methods for level measurement including level gauges, floats, differential pressure, bubblers, and radar. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to accuracy, maintenance needs, applicable conditions, and cost. Differential pressure uses pressure differences to calculate level while radar uses the time-of-flight principle to determine distance to the surface without contact. Level switches provide on/off signals but do not provide a continuous level measurement.

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    Level Measurement (RADAR Trasnmitter)

    Uploaded by

    febri_bontang
    473 views17 pages
    Level measurement involves determining the height of the interface between two media. There are several methods for level measurement including level gauges, floats, differential pressure, bubblers, and radar. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to accuracy, maintenance needs, applicable conditions, and cost. Differential pressure uses pressure differences to calculate level while radar uses the time-of-flight principle to determine distance to the surface without contact. Level switches provide on/off signals but do not provide a continuous level measurement.

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    Level Measurement (RADAR Trasnmitter )

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    Level measurement involves determining the height of the interface between two media. There are several methods for level measurement including level gauges, floats, differential pressure, bubblers, and radar. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to accuracy, maintenance needs, applicable conditions, and cost. Differential pressure uses pressure differences to calculate level while radar uses the time-of-flight principle to determine distance to the surface without contact. Level switches provide on/off signals but do not provide a continuous level measurement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    473 views17 pages

    Level Measurement (RADAR Trasnmitter)

    Uploaded by

    febri_bontang
    Level measurement involves determining the height of the interface between two media. There are several methods for level measurement including level gauges, floats, differential pressure, bubblers, and radar. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to accuracy, maintenance needs, applicable conditions, and cost. Differential pressure uses pressure differences to calculate level while radar uses the time-of-flight principle to determine distance to the surface without contact. Level switches provide on/off signals but do not provide a continuous level measurement.

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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are the different methods of level measurement such as level gauges, differential pressure, bubble tubes, radar level gauges and level switches.

    The different methods of level measurement are level gauges, differential pressure, bubble tubes, radar level gauges and level switches.

    Some advantages of level gauges include high accuracy, reliability and ability to mount internally or externally. Some disadvantages include requiring stilling chambers and being affected by density variations.

    Level Measurements

    Prepared by :
    Instrument Technical Training
    Yemen LNG- Sana’a

    1
    Level Measurements
    Level measurement is defined as the
    measurement of the height of the interface
    between two different media relative to
    What is level measurement
    datum level or bottom of the vessel

    What are the methods of


    level measuring devices

     Level Gauges
     Level Float & Displacers
     Level Differential Pressure
     Bubble Tube
     Radar Level Gauge
     Level Switches
    2
    Level Measurements

    Level Gauges

     Local visual indication


     No output signal

    3
    Level Measurements

    Continuous Level Float

    Lever Gauge
    Float Operated Gauge Torque Tube Tape Level Gauges

    4
    Level Measurements

    Continuous Level Displacers

    What are the advantages and disadvantages


     High accuracy
     Reliable in liquid at constant density
     Can be mounted internally or externally
    Require stilling chamber for
     Most popular because they do not
    internal unit
    require motion 5
    Level Measurements

    Types of Level Displacers

    Side-external (standard API RP-550) Side-internal


    possible to recalibrate without (difficult to maintain)
    process shutdown 6
    Level Measurements

    Differential Pressure Level

    Hydrostatic Pressure Measurement


    Pressure measurement for LEVEL calculation

    P=ρgh

    P: Hydrostatic Pressure
    ρ : Density
    g: Gravitation Constant (9.81 m/sec2 )
    h: Distance between the surface of the
    liquid and the centre of the process
    diaphragm

    7
    Level Measurements

    Differential Pressure Level

    D.P. Cell Connection to a


    D.P. Cell Connected Closed Tank
    to an Open Tank

    What are the advantages and disadvantages

     Wide measurement range


     Density variation causes errors
     Can be used for open/closed vessel
      The mounting location affects
    Good for high temperatures
     Simple and easy to install calibration
    8
    Level Measurements

    Differential Pressure Level

    D.P. Cell with “Wet Leg”


    connection

    When is a “dry leg” system used

    The dry leg system is used providing:


     Fluid is not corrosive
     There will be no plugging
     There are no condensates at normal
    9
    operating temperature
    Level Measurements

    Bubbles Tube

    (Constant flow)

     Corrosive liquid / slurry


     Simple and inexpensive  Less accurate (1~2 %)
     Measurement of underground levels 10
    Level Measurements

    Radar Level

    The time-of-flight principle is


    the basis of a pulse radar
    A very short radar impulse is
    emitted towards the media
    The pulse is reflected on the
    surface, received by the
    combined sending-and-
    receiving system and
    converted into the level

     Non-contact method
     High pressures up to 160 bar
     High temperatures up to + 400 °C
     Measuring range up to 35 m 11
    Spectrum of electromagnetic waves
    Frequency Wave length λ
    Telephone 1 Hz
    AC current 10 Hz kilometre
    100 Hz
    1 kH z 5 ,8 / 6 ,3 G H z
    Radio 10 kH z
    100 kH z
    1 MHz metre
    TV Television 10 MHz
    100 M H z - (1 0 8 H z )
    1 GHz decimetre 10 G H z
    Microwaves 10 GHz centimetre
    100 GHz millimetre
    1 T H z - (1 0 12 H z )
    Heat 10 THz micrometre
    100 THz
    24 G H z
    1 - (1 0 15 H z )
    visible 10
    Light 100 nanometre
    1 - (1 0 18 H z )
    ultra violet 10
    100
    1 - (1 0 21 H z ) picometre
    X-rays 10
    100
    1 - (1 0 24 H z ) femtometre
    Gammawaves 10
    cosmic radiation 100 12
    Basic prinicple of radar transmitter

    Transmission
    Transmitter Antenna
    path

    t cej bo
    gni t cel f e R
    Transmission
    Receiver Antenna
    Path

    13
    The measurement principle - Time of Flight

    Transmission of microwave impulses 00.40


    00.33
    00.00
    00.02
    00.04
    00.06
    00.08
    00.10
    00.12
    00.14
    00.16
    00.18
    00.20
    00.22
    00.24
    00.26
    00.28
    00.30
    00.32
    00.34
    00.36
    00.38
    --.--

    Reflection on the surface of the medium

    Receipt of the reflected impulses

    Measurement of the Time of Flight

    Transmitting
    Receiving
    Calculation of the distance between unit and
    measured surface via:

    00.40

    d=c
    2 14
    Level Measurements

    Radar Level

    What are the advantages and disadvantages


     No moving parts
     High accuracy  Relatively high cost
     Less maintenance
    15
    Level Measurements

    Level Switches

    Float type
    Float level switch
    16
    configuration
    Level Measurements

    Level Switches

    Displacer type
    Installation of level switch 17

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