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    Types of Hypersensitivity

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    There are four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I are rapid anaphylactic reactions mediated by IgE antibodies. Type II involve cytotoxic reactions where antibodies attach to cells leading to damage. Type III are immune complex reactions where circulating antigen-antibody complexes deposit in organs. Type IV are delayed cell-mediated reactions involving T cells and macrophages that occur 1+ days after antigen exposure, such as contact dermatitis.

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    Types of Hypersensitivity

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    beeuh
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    There are four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I are rapid anaphylactic reactions mediated by IgE antibodies. Type II involve cytotoxic reactions where antibodies attach to cells leading to damage. Type III are immune complex reactions where circulating antigen-antibody complexes deposit in organs. Type IV are delayed cell-mediated reactions involving T cells and macrophages that occur 1+ days after antigen exposure, such as contact dermatitis.

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    There are four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I are rapid anaphylactic reactions mediated by IgE antibodies. Type II involve cytotoxic reactions where antibodies attach to cells leading to damage. Type III are immune complex reactions where circulating antigen-antibody complexes deposit in organs. Type IV are delayed cell-mediated reactions involving T cells and macrophages that occur 1+ days after antigen exposure, such as contact dermatitis.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    90 views10 pages

    Types of Hypersensitivity

    Uploaded by

    beeuh
    There are four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I are rapid anaphylactic reactions mediated by IgE antibodies. Type II involve cytotoxic reactions where antibodies attach to cells leading to damage. Type III are immune complex reactions where circulating antigen-antibody complexes deposit in organs. Type IV are delayed cell-mediated reactions involving T cells and macrophages that occur 1+ days after antigen exposure, such as contact dermatitis.

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    Types of

    Hypersensitivity
    Reactions
    Hypersensitivity..
     Refer to an antigen response beyond that which is
    considered normal.
     The term allergy is more familiar and is essentially
    synonymous.
     Hypersensitivity responses occur in individuals who
    have been sensitized by previous exposure to an
    antigen or sometimes called allergen.
    Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

     Anaphylaxis means ‘the opposite of protected’,


    from the prefix ana-, meaning against, and the
    Greek phylaxis, meaning protection.
     It is an inclusive term for the reactions caused
    when certain antigens combine with IgE antibodies.
     Often occur within 2 or 30 minutes
    Type I
    Systemic Reactions
    - can result when an individual sensitized to
    an antigen is exposed to it again.
    - it can produce shock and breathing
    difficulties and are sometimes fatal.
    Localized Reactions
    - is usually associated with antigens that are
    ingested (foods) or inhaled (pollen).
    - examples of which, include common allergic
    conditions such as hay fever, asthma, and
    hives.
    Type II (Cytotoxic) Reactions

     Generally involve the activation of complement by


    the combination of IgG or IgM antibodies with an
    antigenic cell.
     Additional cellular damage may be caused within 5
    to 8 hours by the action of macrophages and other
    cells that attack antibody-coated cells.
    Type II
     The most familiar cytotoxic hypersensitivity
    reactions are transfusion reactions, in which red
    blood cells are destroyed as a result of reacting
    with circulatory antibodies.
     These involve blood group systems that include the
    ABO and Rh antigens.
    Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions
     Involve antibodies against soluble antigens
    circulating in the serum.
     The antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in
    organs and cause inflammatory damage.
     Immune complexes form only when certain ratios
    of antigen and antibody occur. The antibodies
    involved are usually IgG.
    Type III
     Examples of which, include Arthus reactions and
    serum sickness.
     Glomerulonephritis is an immune complex
    condition, usually resulting from an infection, hat
    causes inflammatory damage to the kidney
    glomeruli, which are sites of blood filtration.
    Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated)
    Reactions

     Involve cell-mediated immune responses and are


    caused mainly by T cells.
     Instead of occurring within a few minutes or hours
    after a sensitized individual is again exposed to an
    antigen, these delayed cell-mediated reactions, are
    not apparent for a day or more.
    Type IV
     A major factor in the delay is the time required for
    the participating T cells and macrophages to
    migrate to accumulate near the foreign antigens.
     Examples of which, include rejection of
    transplanted tissues; contact dermatitis such as
    poison ivy; certain chronic diseases, such as
    tuberculosis.

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