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Computer Programming Languages

The document summarizes different types of computer programming languages from machine code to high-level languages like C++ and Java. It explains that machine code is the only language computers can understand directly, while assembler and low-level languages provide mnemonics to code in. Higher level languages make programming easier for humans through use of English-like syntax and are translated to machine code by compilers or interpreters. Object-oriented languages support programming through objects with properties and methods. Visual languages allow visually manipulating objects on screen forms.

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Ayush Prakash
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39 views

Computer Programming Languages

The document summarizes different types of computer programming languages from machine code to high-level languages like C++ and Java. It explains that machine code is the only language computers can understand directly, while assembler and low-level languages provide mnemonics to code in. Higher level languages make programming easier for humans through use of English-like syntax and are translated to machine code by compilers or interpreters. Object-oriented languages support programming through objects with properties and methods. Visual languages allow visually manipulating objects on screen forms.

Uploaded by

Ayush Prakash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER

PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
BY-SUMIT SRIVASTAVA
MACHINE CODE
• The only type of program a computer can run is a machine code
program.
• …which looks like this….
Low Level Languages
• Low-level languages were developed to make it
easier for programmers to write and edit programs.

• Each machine
code instruction is
given a mnemonic.
ASSEMBLER
• A Low level language is often called an Assembly
Language.
• A computer cannot run an Assembly Language program.
• An Assembler converts an Assembly Language program
into machine code …then the computer can run it.
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
• It takes many instructions to perform simple tasks.
• Assembled programs run fast – so needed for Eg. Games.

..but Assembly language


programming is still hard work…so….
 A high level language uses recognisable
instructions – closer to English!
 It is easier for programmers to develop
and edit high level programs…and this
will mean faster program development.

 …and fewer bugs!


 A High level language program need to be
translated into machine code programs before a
computer can run it.

 Compilers translate high level language source


code into executable object code programs…that
the computer can run.

 Interpreters translate each line of a high level


language program, running each instruction as it
does so.
 FORTRAN – (FORmula TRANslator)
used for scientific computing.
 ALGOL – (ALGOrithmic Language)
 COBOL (Common Business
Orientated Language) used for
commercial programming.
 BASIC – (Beginner’s All-Purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code) – a
learning language.
 PASCAL – A well-structured
teaching language.
 C, C+, C++, C* - Evolved from
Algol.
 JAVA – Popular language used for
teaching programming
 Scientific languages would have powerful
mathematical functions, and facilities for
high precision arithmetic to many decimal
places…
 Commercial languages would have many
data processing functions (searching and
sorting) and filing facilities.
HTML
 ..stands for HyperText Markup Language.
 .... is used to develop web pages. A web page is
really a program written in HTML with
instructions for the web browser telling it how
to display the page.
 Hyperlinks can be used for navigation between
web pages.
 Multimedia objects can be embedded in a web
page.
 Some languages have a special purpose such
as…
 PROLOG – for Artificial Intelligence
 GASP - for Simulation
 OCCAM – for parallel processing systems.
 ADA – for programming embedded systems.
 A sequence of instructions is executed.
 …use variables, program control (loops etc)
and subroutines.
 Examples : PASCAL, BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL.
 A set of facts…
 …and a set of rules, from which information is
deduced.
Facts :
Parent(Tom, Bob)
Parent(Pam,Bob)
Male(Tom)

..and a set of rules


Father(X,Y) := …and a query which is answered by applying
parent(X,Y) the facts and rules…
Male(X)

Brother(X,Y) := ? father(who,Bob)
parent(Z,X)
Parent(Z,Y)
Male(X) who = Tom
Object Oriented Programming
Languages (OOPs)
– Objects have Properties and Methods.
– Properties can be set initially or at run-time.
– Methods are the things the object can do.

Examples of OOPs – C#, VB .NET, JAVA, PHP, PYTHON)


FUNDAMENTALS OF AN OOP…
 A Class defines the properties and methods of something.
A DOG is a class –
Properties may include: Colour, Breed, No of Legs, etc…
Methods may be Bark, Eat, Run, Sit, etc..

 An Object is a particular instance of a Class.


LASSIE is an instance of a DOG

 A Sub-Class may be defined such as SPANIEL that INHERITS


the methods and properties of the Class DOG.
Visual Languages

 Visual Languages allow the programmer to manipulate


objects visually on a form, and set their layout and
properties.
 Often used to create Microsoft Windows Applications.
 Examples : Visual Basic, Visual C#, Delphi.
ALL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES MUST HAVE…

• International Standards.
• Difficult to create because of different hardware and software
manufacturers.

• An unambiguous syntax.
• There should never be two
different ways for a computer
to interpret an instruction.

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