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    The Structure and Properties of Polymers: Also Known As

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    Ajeng Dyanti Putri
    This document discusses the structure and properties of polymers. It defines polymers as long molecules made up of repeating monomeric units. Polymers can be made of one type of monomer or multiple types. Their properties depend on factors like chain length, bonding between chains, crystallinity, and cross-linking. Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled, while thermosets form permanent covalent bonds during curing. Polymer properties are determined by molecular structure and interactions.

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    The Structure and Properties of Polymers: Also Known As

    Uploaded by

    Ajeng Dyanti Putri
    69 views14 pages
    This document discusses the structure and properties of polymers. It defines polymers as long molecules made up of repeating monomeric units. Polymers can be made of one type of monomer or multiple types. Their properties depend on factors like chain length, bonding between chains, crystallinity, and cross-linking. Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled, while thermosets form permanent covalent bonds during curing. Polymer properties are determined by molecular structure and interactions.

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    Kimia

    Original Title

    Polymers

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    This document discusses the structure and properties of polymers. It defines polymers as long molecules made up of repeating monomeric units. Polymers can be made of one type of monomer or multiple types. Their properties depend on factors like chain length, bonding between chains, crystallinity, and cross-linking. Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled, while thermosets form permanent covalent bonds during curing. Polymer properties are determined by molecular structure and interactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    69 views14 pages

    The Structure and Properties of Polymers: Also Known As

    Uploaded by

    Ajeng Dyanti Putri
    This document discusses the structure and properties of polymers. It defines polymers as long molecules made up of repeating monomeric units. Polymers can be made of one type of monomer or multiple types. Their properties depend on factors like chain length, bonding between chains, crystallinity, and cross-linking. Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled, while thermosets form permanent covalent bonds during curing. Polymer properties are determined by molecular structure and interactions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    The Structure and Properties of

    Polymers
    Also known as

    Bonding +
    Properties
    What is a polymer?

    • A long molecule made


    up from lots of small
    molecules called
    • monomers.
    All the same monomer
    • Monomers all same
    type (A)
    • A+A+A+A
    • -A-A-A-A-
    • eg poly(ethene)
    polychloroethene
    PVC
    Different monomers
    • Monomers of two
    different types A + B
    • A+B+A+B
    •  -A-B-A-B-
    • eg polyamides
    • polyesters
    Addition polymerisation
    • Monomers contain C=C bonds
    • Double bond opens to (link) bond to next
    monomer molecule
    • Chain forms when same basic unit is
    repeated over and over.
    • Modern polymers also developed based on
    alkynes R-C C - R’
    Copolymerisation
    • when more than one monomer is used.
    • An irregular chain structure will result eg
    propene/ethene/propene/propene/ethene
    • Why might polymers designers want to
    design a polymer in this way?
    • (Hint) Intermolecular bonds!
    Elastomers, plastics & fibres
    • Find a definition and
    suggest your own
    example of each of
    these.
    What decides the properties of a
    polymer?
    • Stronger attractive forces between chains =
    stronger, less flexible polymer.
    • Chains able to slide past each other = flexible
    polymer .
    • In poly(ethene) attractive forces are weak
    instantaneous dipole - induced dipole, will it be
    flexible or not?
    • Nylon has strong hydrogen bonds, why does this
    make it a strong fibre?
    Getting ideas straight
    • Look at page 110 -111 of Chemical Ideas.
    • Take turns in explaining to a partner how
    the following molecular structures affect the
    overall properties of polymers :-
    • chain length, different side groups, chain
    branching, stereoregularity, chain
    flexibility, cross linking.
    Thermoplastics (80%)

    • No cross links between chains.


    • Weak attractive forces between chains broken by
    warming.
    • Change shape - can be remoulded.
    • Weak forces reform in new shape when cold.
    Thermosets

    • Extensive cross-linking formed by


    covalent bonds.
    • Bonds prevent chains moving relative to
    each other.
    • What will the properties of this type of
    plastic be like?
    Longer chains make stronger
    polymers.
    • Critical length needed before
    strength increases.
    • Hydrocarbon polymers average
    of 100 repeating units
    necessary but only 40 for
    nylons.
    • Tensile strength measures the
    forces needed to snap a
    polymer.
    • More tangles + more
    touching!!!
    Crystalline polymers
    • Areas in polymer where
    chains packed in regular way.
    • Both amorphous and
    crystalline areas in same
    polymer.
    • Crystalline - regular chain
    structure - no bulky side
    groups.
    • More crystalline polymer -
    stronger and less flexible.
    Cold-drawing

    • When a polymer is stretched a ‘neck’ forms.


    • What happens to the chains in the ‘neck’?
    • Cold drawing is used to increase a polymers’
    strength. Why then do the handles of plastic carrier
    bags snap if you fill them full of tins of beans?

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