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    Pore-Pressure Generation During CPT Probe Advancement: by Michael Fitzgerald

    Uploaded by

    Zaky Prawira
    This document discusses pore pressure generation during Cone Penetration Testing (CPT). It provides an overview of CPT, how it is used to determine soil parameters, and how excess pore pressures can be generated during earthquakes causing potential soil liquefaction. It then describes governing equations for CPT and earthquake induced pore pressure. Finally, it presents a finite element model of pore pressure generation during CPT probe advancement, compares model results to field data for validation, and discusses parametric studies examining the effects of probe advancement rate on induced pressures.

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    Pore-Pressure Generation During CPT Probe Advancement: by Michael Fitzgerald

    Uploaded by

    Zaky Prawira
    57 views13 pages
    This document discusses pore pressure generation during Cone Penetration Testing (CPT). It provides an overview of CPT, how it is used to determine soil parameters, and how excess pore pressures can be generated during earthquakes causing potential soil liquefaction. It then describes governing equations for CPT and earthquake induced pore pressure. Finally, it presents a finite element model of pore pressure generation during CPT probe advancement, compares model results to field data for validation, and discusses parametric studies examining the effects of probe advancement rate on induced pressures.

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    Geo

    Original Title

    Pore Pressure Michael

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    This document discusses pore pressure generation during Cone Penetration Testing (CPT). It provides an overview of CPT, how it is used to determine soil parameters, and how excess pore pressures can be generated during earthquakes causing potential soil liquefaction. It then describes governing equations for CPT and earthquake induced pore pressure. Finally, it presents a finite element model of pore pressure generation during CPT probe advancement, compares model results to field data for validation, and discusses parametric studies examining the effects of probe advancement rate on induced pressures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    57 views13 pages

    Pore-Pressure Generation During CPT Probe Advancement: by Michael Fitzgerald

    Uploaded by

    Zaky Prawira
    This document discusses pore pressure generation during Cone Penetration Testing (CPT). It provides an overview of CPT, how it is used to determine soil parameters, and how excess pore pressures can be generated during earthquakes causing potential soil liquefaction. It then describes governing equations for CPT and earthquake induced pore pressure. Finally, it presents a finite element model of pore pressure generation during CPT probe advancement, compares model results to field data for validation, and discusses parametric studies examining the effects of probe advancement rate on induced pressures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Pore-Pressure Generation During

    CPT Probe Advancement

    By Michael Fitzgerald
    CPT Overview:
     The Cone Penetration Test (CPT) :
    in-situ technique used to determine various soil
    parameters.

     The CPT :
     a cone on the end of a series of rods
     constant rate (~2 cm/s)
     Electronic sensors measure parameters

     Parameters:
     cone penetration resistance
     pore-pressure measurement (static and excess)
     sleeve friction.

     characteristics of the soil:


     hydraulic conductivity
     grain size
     bearing capacity
    CPT Overview:
    Soil Liquefaction:
     Cyclic loading caused by earthquakes:
     excess Pore-Pressures can be generated
     methods being developed to determine potentially
    liquefiable soils

     Pore-pressure is function of:


     permeability of the soil
     penetration rate of the probe

     When pore-pressure equals weight of the


    overburden soil:
     Soil is potentially unstable and may lose it’s
    bearing capacity
     ability to support a load, such as a building
    Governing Equations:
    FEMLab - Incompressible Navier-Stokes
    u
        (u  (u)T )  (u  )u  p  F , with u  0
    t
    Seed and Booker1 - Generation/Dissipation Equations
     the volume strain
    CPT Generated Pore-Pressure: u = excess pore-pressure
     kh u  kv u  ug = earthquake generated u
    ( ) ( ) (2-D) w = unit weight of water
    x  w x y  w y t kh,v = coeff. of permeability
    mv = coeff. of vol.
    compressibility
    Earthquake Generated Pore-pressure: r = radius
    k h  2 u 1 u u ug N N = number of seismic cycles
    ( 2 )  (radial symmetry)
     w mv r r r t N t

    1 H.B. Seed and J.R Booker, “Stabilization of Potentially Liquefiable Sand Deposits
    Using Gravel Drains”, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division.
    July 1977
    Formulation:

    Probe is ~1.5” diameter

    Outflow velocity = 0.02 m/s


    Initial pressure = 0 kPa

    No-slip  20kg/m3


    382 kg/m2
    Slip

    Slip

    Inflow velocity = 0.02 m/s


    Inflow pressure = 17,680 kPa
    Solution: Pressure Profile
    Solution: Velocity Profile
    Validation: Field Data

    Model pressure at tip: ~ 291 kPa

    Pore-pressure measured at tip: 102 kPa

    Model Pressure - effective stress = excess


    pore pressure

    (291 kPa -193.9 kPa) = 97 kPa

    97 kPa ≈ 102 kPa

    14.97 2.02 19.06 19060 66.93 100.91 9 19060 0.35 281.4 193.5 87.9
    14.99 2.02 18.34 18340 64.67 101.75 9 18340 0.35 281.8 193.7 88.1
    15.01 1.91 17.91 17910 67.10 101.55 9 17910 0.37 282.2 193.9 88.3
    15.03 2.02 17.52 17520 64.25 101.59 9 17520 0.37 282.6 194.1 88.5
    15.05 1.91 16.92 16920 67.25 103.17 9 16920 0.40 283.0 194.3 88.7
    15.07 1.91 16.87 16870 65.94 101.22 9 16870 0.39 283.4 194.5 88.9

    Data from GEMS site in KS, property of PSU-Energy and Geo-Environmental Engineering
    Validation:
    •Strain Path Method by Baligh2:

    p(t)  [ po  R(t)3 ](1/ 3)


    3
    where: p(t) = position at time t; po = initial position; R(t)  ( V * t)1/ 3 , radius of the
    4
    cavity
    
    2 
    Baligh, Mohsen, M.; ÒStrain Path MethodÓ,Journa l of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.
    111, No. 9, September 1985. P. 1108-1136.
    Parametric Study:
    Pressures at different advancement rates

    2.0 m/s 0.02 m/s

    Rate increased by 100 times;


    Pressure increased by about 10-20 times
    Parametric Study:

    Density = 1000 kg/m3 Density = 20 kg/m3


    Viscosity = 2000 kg/m2 Viscosity = 382 kg/m2
    Conclusions:

     Pore-pressures are generated through


    soil strain
     FEM can be an effective tool in modeling the
    pressures induced at the tip of a CPT cone

     If the soil compressibility is known (tri-axial test)


    then pressure can be converted to strain

     Strain can then be converted to pore-pressure


    using the permeability of the soil

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