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    An Arch Is A Structure Constructed of Wedge-Shaped Unit

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    Rohit Khanna
    An arch is a structure constructed of wedge-shaped units called voussoirs that span an opening and support weight. Arches are classified based on their shape, number of centers, and materials used. Common shapes include segmental, semi-circular, pointed, and horseshoe. Arches can have one, two, three, four, or five centers. They are constructed from stone, brick, or concrete.

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    An Arch Is A Structure Constructed of Wedge-Shaped Unit

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Khanna
    343 views28 pages
    An arch is a structure constructed of wedge-shaped units called voussoirs that span an opening and support weight. Arches are classified based on their shape, number of centers, and materials used. Common shapes include segmental, semi-circular, pointed, and horseshoe. Arches can have one, two, three, four, or five centers. They are constructed from stone, brick, or concrete.

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    Arches

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    Types of Arches

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    An arch is a structure constructed of wedge-shaped units called voussoirs that span an opening and support weight. Arches are classified based on their shape, number of centers, and materials used. Common shapes include segmental, semi-circular, pointed, and horseshoe. Arches can have one, two, three, four, or five centers. They are constructed from stone, brick, or concrete.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    343 views28 pages

    An Arch Is A Structure Constructed of Wedge-Shaped Unit

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Khanna
    An arch is a structure constructed of wedge-shaped units called voussoirs that span an opening and support weight. Arches are classified based on their shape, number of centers, and materials used. Common shapes include segmental, semi-circular, pointed, and horseshoe. Arches can have one, two, three, four, or five centers. They are constructed from stone, brick, or concrete.

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    ARCH

    What is an Arch?

    An Arch is a structure constructed of


    wedge-shaped unit.

    It spans an opening to support the


    weight of the wall and other
    superimpose load.
    Terminology

    1. Intrados:- This is an inner curve


    of an arch.
    2. Extrados:- Outer Curve of an
    arch
    3. Soffit:- Inner Surface of an arch.
    4. Voussoirs:- These are wedge
    shaped units.
    5. Crown:- Highest part of extrados
    6. Spandril:- Curved triangular
    space form between extrados and
    horizontal line.
    7. Key:- Wedge-shaped unit fixed
    at the crown of the arch.
    8. Skew back:- It is inclined or
    splayed surface on the abutment.
    9. Springing points:- These
    are the points from which the
    curve of the arch spring.
    10. Springing line:- It is an
    imaginary line joining the
    springing point of either ends.
    11. Abutment:- End point of
    an Arch.
    12. Springer:- It is the first
    voussoir at springing level.
    13. Pier:- Intermediate support
    of an archade.
    14. Arcade:- It is a row of
    arches in continuation.
    15. Haunch:-Lower half of the
    arch between the crown and
    skew back.
    16. Ring:-It is the circular course
    forming an arch.
    17. Impost:- It is the projecting
    course at upper part of pier or
    abutment to stress the springing
    line.
    18. Bed Joint:-Joints between the
    Voussoirs which radiate from
    centre.
    19. Centre or Stricking
    Point:- This is geometrical
    centre point from where the arc
    forming the extrados, arc rings,
    intrados.
    20. Span:-Clear horizontal distance
    between the supports.
    Arches are classified according to:-

    1. Shape

    2. Number of Centers

    3. Workmanship and Material Used


    Classification According to Shape
    Flat Arch Segmental Arch

    Semi-circular Arch Horse ShoeArch

    Pointed Arch
    Venetian Arch

    Florentine Arch Relieving Arch

    Semi-Elliptical Arch
    Stilted Arch
    Flat Arch
    Forms an equilateral triangle with intrados as base( at an angle of 60°)

    Used only for lightloads

    Weakest Arch
    Segmental Arch

    Center of Arch lies below springing line.

    Thrust transferred to the abutment is in inclined direction.

    Most Common type of Arch.


    Semi-circular Arch
    Center Lie on Springing line
    Shape of the arch is Semi-circular
    Thrust transferred to the abutment is perfectly in vertical direction
    Horse Shoe Arch

    The arch has the shape of a horse shoe.


    Incorporating more than a semi circle.
    Mainly use for Architectural consideration .
    Pointed Arch
    Also known as GothicArch.
    It consist two arc of the circle meeting at apex.
    Triangle form may be equilateral.
    Venetian Arch
    This is another form of Pointed Arch.
    Has deeper depth at crown than springings.
    It Has four centers located on springing line.
    Florentine Arch
    This is similar to Venetian Arch.
    Its intrados is a semicircle.
    It has three centers located on springing line.
    Relieving Arch
    The ends of Arch carried sufficiently into abutment.
    Its lintel can be replaced without effecting the Arch.
    The Arch is constructed on either flat arch or wooden lintel.

    Reference- B.C.Punmia
    Google.com
    Stilted Arch
    An arch whose curve begins above the impost line.
    It consists a semi circular arch with two vertical portions at springings.
    The centre of the arch lies on the horizontal line.

    Reference- B.C.Punmia
    Google.com
    Semi-Elliptical Arch
    It has shape of semi-ellipse.
    It has either three centre or five centre.
    Also called a basket-handle arch.

    Reference- B.C.Punmia
    Google.com
    Classification According to Number Of
    Centers
    One-Centered Arch

    Two-Centered Arch

    Three-Centered Arch

    Four-Centered Arch

    Five-Centered Arch
    One-Centered Arch
    It has only one center.
    Segmental Arches, Semicircular Arches, Flat Arches, HorseShoe
    Arches and Stilted Arches come under this Category.
    Sometimes full circular arch (Bulleye Arch ) provided for circular
    windows.
    Two-Centered Arch
    It has two centers.
    Pointed Arches comes under this category.
    Semi-elliptical arch and Florentine arch also comes under this category.
    Three-Centered Arch
    It has three centers.
    Elliptical Arches comes under this category.
    Equilateral Arches also comes under this category.
    Four-Centered Arch
    It has fourcenters.
    Venetian arch comes under this category.
    Another example is Tudor arch.
    Five-Centered Arch

    It has fivecenters
    Fives centers help in getting a good semi- elliptical shape
    Classification Based On Material And
    Workmanship

    Stone Arch Brick Arch

    Concrete Arch Reference- B.C.Punmia


    Google.com
    Stone Arch
    1. Rubble Arches
    Weak and use for comparatively inferior
    work.
    Made by stones which are dressed, roughly
    shaped and sized as voussoirs
    Mortar is used for binding stones

    2. Ashlars Arches
    Made by stones which are fully dressed and
    in proper shape of voussoir.
    Lime or cement mortar is use as binding
    material.
    Use for making Flatarches
    Brick Arches
    1. Rough Arch
    Made with ordinary bricks
    Joints are wedge-shaped with
    greater thickness at extrados and
    smaller thickness at intrados.
    Not used for exposed brick work.

    2. Axed or Rough-cut Arch


    Made with wedge shaped bricks
    Joints are of uniform thickness.
    Not so attractive due to wedge
    shaped bricks which are not finely
    dressed.
    3. Gauged Arch
    Made with bricks which are prepared to
    exact size and shape of voussoir.
    Joints are fine , thin and truly radial.
    Lime putty is use as a binding material.

    4. Purpose made brick Arch


    Made with special bricks which are
    manufactured in exact shape and size of
    voussoirs.
    This is very fine workmanship.
    Lime putty is used as a binding material.
    Concrete Arches
    1. Concrete block-unit Arch
    Made with pre casted concrete
    blocks.(moulds in shape of voussoirs)
    Good appearance and size of arch
    achieved due to perfections.
    Cement mortar is used as a binding
    material and joints are thin.

    2. Monolithic Arch
    Made with cast-in- situ concrete, either
    plain or reinforced.
    Suitable for largespan.
    The thickness is 15cm for arches upto
    3m span.

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