Enabling Technologies and Federated Cloud

Unit 1:Fundamentals of Cloud
Computing
Cloud Enabling Technologies
Types of Cloud
Federated Cloud/Intercloud
Broadband Networks and Internet Architecture
Worldwide connectivity- hierarchical
topology
Tier 1 is made of large-
scale, international cloud
providers
Tier 2 is made of large

regional providers.
Tier 3 is made of local ISPs

Basic mechanics of internetworking
Connectionless packet switching
Router based interconnectivity

Internet Reference Model
Technical and Business Considerations
• Connectivity
– Private cloud architecture
– Internet based cloud architecture
• Network Bandwidth
• Latency
• Cloud Carrier and Cloud Provider Selection
Connectivity
Internetworking architecture of a private cloud.

Connectivity
Internetworking architecture of an Internet-based cloud

DATA CENTER TECHNOLOGY
• Grouping IT resources in close proximity
– allows for power sharing
– higher efficiency in shared IT resource usage
– improved accessibility for IT personnel
Google Datacenter
Data Centre Technology (DCT)
• Data centres are comprised of following
technologies
– Virtualisation
– Standardisation and Modularity
– Automation
– Remote Operation and Monitoring
– High Availability
– Security- Aware design, Operation and
Management
DCT: Computing Hardware
• server design composed of standardized racks
with interconnects for power, network, and
internal cooling
• support for different hardware processing
architectures
• a power-efficient multi-core CPU architecture
• components, such as hard disks, power
supplies, network interfaces, and storage
controller cards
DCT: Storage Hardware
• Hard Disk Arrays
• I/O Caching
• Hot-Swappable Hard Disks
• Storage Virtualization
• Fast Data Replication Mechanisms
DCT : Network Storage Devices
• Storage Area Network (SAN)
• Network-Attached Storage (NAS)
Network Hardware
• Carrier and External Networks Interconnection
backbone routers that provide routing between external WAN
connections and the data center’s LAN, as well as perimeter
network security devices such as firewalls and VPN gateways.
• Web-Tier Load Balancing and Acceleration
XML pre-processors, encryption/decryption appliances, and
layer 7 switching devices that perform content-aware routing.
• LAN Fabric
multiple network switches that facilitate network
communications and operate at speeds of up to ten gigabits per
second
• SAN Fabric
connectivity between servers and storage systems
• NAS Gateways
facilitates data transmission between Storage Area Network
(SAN) and Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices
Virtualisation
• Virtualization is the process of converting a physical IT resource
into a virtual IT resource
• Servers , Storage, Network, Power
Hardware Independence
• virtual servers can easily be moved to another virtualization
host, automatically resolving multiple hardware-software
incompatibility issues
server consolidation
• virtual servers to share one physical server. This process is
called server consolidation and is commonly used to increase
hardware utilization, load balancing, and optimization of
available IT resources.
Resource Replication
• These virtual disk images can be copied in order to
replicate, migrate, and back up the virtual server.
Operating System Based
Virtualisation
Hardware based virtualisation
installation of virtualization
software directly on the physical
host hardware
typically referred to as
a hypervisor
A hypervisor has a simple user-
interface that requires a negligible
amount of storage space
Web Technology
• The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked
IT resources that are accessed through the
Internet.
• The two basic components of the Web are the
Web browser client and the Web server.
• Three fundamental elements
– Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
– Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
– Markup Languages (HTML, XML)
• Hypermedia - graphics, audio, video, plain text

Web Application Architecture
Multi tenant Technology
The multitenant application design was created to enable
multiple users (tenants) to access the same application
logic simultaneously
• User Interface – Tenants can define a specialized “look

and feel” for their application interface.
• Business Process – Tenants can customize the rules, logic,
and workflows of the business processes that are
implemented in the application.
• Data Model – Tenants can extend the data schema of the
application to include, exclude, or rename fields in the
application data structures.
• Access Control – Tenants can independently control the
access rights for users and groups.
Multitenant applications
Virtualization Vs Multitenancy
• The differences lie in what is multiplied within a
physical server acting as a host:
• With virtualization: Multiple virtual copies of the
server environment can be hosted by a single
physical server. Each copy can be provided to
different users, can be configured independently,
and can contain its own operating systems and
applications.
• With multitenancy: A physical or virtual server
hosting an application is designed to allow usage by
multiple different users. Each user feels as though
they have exclusive usage of the application.
Service Technology: Web Service
• Web service is a service available on the web
• Enables communication between applications
over the web
• Provides standard protocol/standard for
communication
• Platform independent communication
Web Service Implementation
SOAP
REST (Representational State Transfer)
REST is an architecture style of networked systems
"Representational State Transfer is intended to
evoke an image of how a well-designed Web
application behaves: a network of web pages (a
virtual state-machine), where the user
progresses through an application by selecting
links (state transitions), resulting in the next
page (representing the next state of the
application) being transferred to the user and
rendered for their use."
Roy Fielding.
Design Constraints of REST
• Client-Server
• Named resources
• Uniform interface
• Stateless
• Cache
• Interconnected resource representations
REST Constraint: Uniform Interface
REST based web services
• Online shopping
• Search services
• Dictionary services
Difference between SOAP and REST
Cloud Federation
Why Cloud Federation
Cloud federation advantages
• earn revenue from computing resources that
would otherwise be idle or underutilized.
• enables cloud providers to expand their
geographic footprints and accommodate
sudden spikes in demand without having to
build new points-of-presence
• provides access to digital resources on a
flexible environment, using common
standards to support data- and computing
intensive experiments. Useful for individual
researchers, larger research communities or
groups
Principles of Federation
• Standards and validation: Recommended and
common open standards for the interfaces and
images – OCCI, CDMI, OVF, GLUE2, AAI
• Resource integration: Cloud Computing to be
integrated into the existing production
infrastructure.
• Heterogeneous implementation: no mandate on
the cloud technology.
• Provider agnosticism: the only condition to
federate resources is to expose the chosen
interfaces and services.
Cloud Federation: Challenges
• Complicated to deploy and migrate virtual
machines at any place in the world quickly
• Automatic determination of type of lead to
share and way to share is bit difficult
References
• Thomas Erl, Chapter 5 Cloud computing, concepts
,technology and architecture
• Buyya, R., et al. (2010). Intercloud: Utility-
oriented federation of cloud computing
environments for scaling of application services.
International Conference on Algorithms and
Architectures for Parallel Processing, Springer.
• https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertati
on/rest_arch_style.htm
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrfiRrIFg68

Enabling Technologies and Federated Cloud

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Enabling Technologies and Federated Cloud

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Enabling Technologies and Federated Cloud

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 1:Fundamentals of Cloud

Tier 2 is made of large

Tier 3 is made of local ISPs

Router based interconnectivity

Internetworking architecture of a private cloud.

Internetworking architecture of an Internet-based cloud

• Hypermedia - graphics, audio, video, plain text

• User Interface – Tenants can define a specialized “look

You might also like