WORKPLACE

ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS

YKK ZIPPER PHILIPPINES, INC.

 HOUSE RULES

 Be punctual.
 A certificate of attendance will be awarded.
 Sign as you enter the room.
 Smoking is not allowed inside the training room.
 As much as possible, avoid eating while the session is on-
going.
 In case of emergency, or other urgent matter that you have to
attend to/requires your presence please DO inform the
facilitator or any of the training staff before leaving.
 If you have any administrative problems/concerns, feel free
to approach any of the training staff.
 All mobile phone/beeper must be on silent mode.
COURSE OUTLINE

 Objective
 Definition of terms
 Presentation/Discussion
 Workshop
 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To provide participants with the

appropriate KNOWLEDGE and
SKILLS to
 IDENTIFY,
 CONTROL, and
 ELIMINATE
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

Apply appropriate control

measure to address IDENTIFIED
HAZARD
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
 HAZARD – means anything that can cause harm (ex.
chemicals, electricity, working from ladder, etc.)
 RISK – is the chance, high or low, that somebody will be
harmed by the hazard
 HAZARD CONTROL/CONTROL MEASURE –
preventive action taken to eliminate hazard and risk
 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV) – represent
condition under which it is believed that nearly all workers
may be repeatedly exposed daily without adverse effect.
 WORK ENVIRONMENT MEASUREMENT (WEM) –
is the determination of environmental hazards and their
hazardous effects on workers’ health, through direct
measurement of the hazards.
PRESENTATION/DISCUSSION

WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTAL
STRESSES/HAZARD
 Chemical hazard
 Physical hazard
 Biological hazard
 Ergonomics
 Direct Hazard
 ENVIRONMENTAL
STRESSES/HAZARDS

A. CHEMICAL HAZARD
 Hazards that are excessive airborne concentrations
of mists, vapors, gases or solids that are in the
form of dusts or fumes
 Types of chemical hazards:
 Mist
 Vapors
 Gases
 Dust
 Fumes
 TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS

1. MIST – are fine particles of a liquid float in air

 Exposure:
 Splashing
 Spraying
 Pickling
 Electroplating
 Roaming operations.
 Example:
 Hydrochloric
 Nitric and Sulfuric Acids
 Oil Mist
 TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS

2. VAPORS – substance in a liquid or solid state

(critical temperature higher than 25oC, 1 atm) that
volatilize or sublimate depending upon on vapor
pressure and become gases
 Exposure:
 Factories and laboratories
 Cleaning agents, degreasers, thinners, chemical reagents,
drying agents
 Painting
 Example:
 Acetone
 Toluene
 Isopropyl Alcohol
 TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS

3. GASES – substances in gaseous state. These are normally

compressible, formless fluids which occupy the space of an
enclosure and which can be changed to the liquid or solid
state only by the effect of increase pressure or decrease
temperature. They do not necessary have a warning odor at
a dangerous concentration.
 Examples/Exposure:
 Hydrogen Sulfide – oils & gas; pulp & paper; waste water
treatment
 Chlorine – water treatment plants; pulp & paper
 Nitrogen Dioxide – mining; machinery using diesel
engines
 TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS

4. DUSTS – refers to the suspension of solid

particles in air.
 Exposure:
 Physical properties such as crushing, grinding,
shaking and drilling operations where solid
materials are broken down generates these dusts.
 Types of dust:
 Total dust – all dust particles present in the area
 Respirable dust – that fraction of total dust which
passes through a selector whose size is 7 microns
and below in diameter which can be inhaled and
deposited in the lungs
TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS

5. FUMES – solid particles formed from

condensation of substance from the vapor state.
Fumes are normally associated with molten metals
where the vapor from the metal are condensed into
solid particles in the space above the molten metal.
 Exposure:
 Battery making, soldering, electronics,
welding, painting, mining, electroplating
 Example:
 Lead, Tin manganese, Iron
 ENVIRONMENTAL
STRESSES/HAZARDS

B. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
 Hazards that include excessive levels of radiation,
noise, vibration, insufficient lighting and extremes
of temperature and pressure
 Noise
 Illumination
 Extremes of temperature
 Radiation
 Extremes of pressure
 Vibration
 TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS

 NOISE
 It is defined as unwanted sound. The level of noise
in an industrial operation can constitute a physical
hazard to the exposed workers. The extent of hazard
depend not only on the over all noise level but also
on the time period and frequency of the noise to
which the worker is exposed and the type of noise.
 Types of noise:
 Continuous
 Intermittent
 Impact
 TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS

2. ILLUMINATION - It is the measure of

stream of light falling on a surface. Its unit is lux.

 Luminance is the measure of light intensity

coming from a source. It is the exact measure
of light they emit.
 Glare occurs when we look into a light which
is brighter than which the eye can adopt to.
 TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS

3. EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE
 Heat stress is excessive heat load. Extremes of
temperature affect the amount of work that people
can do and the manner in which they do it. In
most industry, the problem is more often high
temperature than low temperature.
 Exposure:
 Smelters
 Steel workers
 Blast furnace operators
 TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS

4. RADIATION
 Caused by ultraviolet, infrared, laser and
microwave rays from the electromagnetic
spectrum
 Exposure to ultraviolet: natural light, arc welding,
drying, and curing process
 Expose to infrared: drying and baking of paints,
varnishes, adhesives, heating of metal parts for
shrink fit assembly
 TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS

5. EXTREMES OF PRESSURE
 The exposure of workers to abnormal air pressure is
generally limited to few occupational areas. It has been
recognized from the beginning of caisson work (work
performed in a water tight structure) that men working
under pressure greater than at normal atmospheric one are
subject to various ills connected with the job.
 Exposure to high pressure
 Caisson operation, under water tunneling, diving,
sewage construction
 Exposure to low pressure
 Individuals working in high altitude or mountainous
 TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS

 VIBRATION
 A body is said to vibrate when it describes an
oscillating motion about a reference point. IN
practice, it is very difficult to avoid vibration. It
usually occur because of the dynamic effects of
manufacturing tolerances, clearances, rolling and
rubbing contact between machine parts.
 Exposure
 Sanders
 Pneumatic drill
 Jackhammer drill
 ENVIRONMENTAL
STRESSES/HAZARDS

C. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
 Hazards which includes exposure to bacteria,
viruses, insects, molds, fungi, and parasites. This
can be a direct result of the work being performed
or the results of unhealthy conditions in the
working environment.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
STRESSES/HAZARDS

D. ERGONOMICS
 Ergonomics was based on the two Greek words,
ergos meaning “work” and normos meaning “the
study of” or “the principle of”. In other words,
ergonomics means the law of work.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
STRESSES/HAZARDS

E. DIRECT HAZARD
 Visibility of hazard in a workplace
 Unguarded machines
 Falling objects
 IDENTIFICATION OF
STRESSES/HAZARDS

Identification of hazards can be accomplished

through:
 Walk-through survey/ocular inspection
 Raw materials/by-product/end-product
 Processes involved
 MSDS/CSDS
 Workers’ complaint
 Work environment measurement
 IDENTIFICATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES

 Engineering Control
 Administrative Control
 Personal Protective Equipment
 IDENTIFICATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES

ENGINEERING CONTROLS
 Engineering controls are those methods that
engineer out the hazard, either by initial design
specifications or by applying methods of
substitution, isolation, or ventilation
 IDENTIFICATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
 General administrative controls are those controls available
to the organization that do not directly remove the source of
hazard exposure from the workplace. These controls are
usually effective when used with one of the other control
methods previously mentioned.
 Examples of general administrative controls available
include worker training, monitoring of the work area or the
workers, scheduling workers into the area, good
housekeeping and preventive maintenance scheduling to
assure proper function of the existing controls.
 IDENTIFICATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

 Personal protective equipment o PPE should be
used only as last resort and as temporary measure
until more permanent controls can be installed. In
some cases there is no immediate alternative but to
use personal protective equipment. However, the
safety officer must continue to look for other
solutions where personal protective equipment is
currently being used.
 IDENTIFICATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES

A. Engineering Control
1. Substitution
2. Modification in the Process and/or Equipment
3. Maintenance of Equipment
4. Isolation
5. Ventilation
 IDENTIFICATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
B. Administrative Control
1. Rotation of workers
2. Preventive maintenance schedule
3. Training
4. Monitoring of work environment
5. Housekeeping
 IDENTIFICATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
C. Personal Protective Equipment
1. Categories
2. Uses
3. Factors in selecting
FOUR PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL

 All hazards can be controlled

 There are many alternative methods of control
 Some methods of controls are better than others
 Some situations will require more than one control
method to obtain optimum results
 EFFECTS OF HAZARDS

EFFECTS – the result produced by a cause.

 Effects of Stresses/Hazards
 Human Body
 Company
 Community
 Family
EFFECTS TO HUMAN BODY

Examples:
 Injuries
 Illnesses
 Asthma
 Fungi
 Pneumonia
EFFECTS TO COMPANY

Examples:
 Losses in profit
 Downtime in production
 Enclosure
EFFECTS TO COMMUNITY

Examples:
 It might endanger nearby communities
with fire
 Disturbances due to operation
 Loss of revenues
 Loss of income
EFFECTS TO FAMILY

Examples:
 Loss of income when family member got
sick or injured
 Loss of a family member
 Demoralization
 SAMPLE

HAZARDS EFFECTS CONTROL

HUMAN
BODY
COMPANY COMMU
NITY
FAMI-
LY
MEASURES
1. Poor Tripping Losses Loss of income Jobs 5S
housekeeping accidents Fire Loss of Proper housekeeping
Falling revenues
Burns
2. Improper Electrical burns Damage Loss of income Jobs Rewiring, labeling
electrical wring Loss Loss of Replacements of deterioration
revenues Segregating for flammables

3. Chemicals Burns Losses due to Jobs Proper storage

(improper storage fire, opportunity & - Proper labeling, segregating
productivity and waste disposal
and handling) Spoilage Proper ventilation

4. Unsecured gas Falling Property losses Jobs Centralized storage, securing

Explosion Production losses - system, proper labeling,
cylinders
(burns) SOP’s, segregation

5. No machine Injury Loss of Provide guards

do do
guarding Death revenues

6. Fire fighting Identify correct locations

do do do do Maintain and inspect
equipments not in
Proper labeling
proper location
 WORKSHOP
Abstract:
 Identify existing hazard in your
department/section. Find the possible
effects to the following:
 Human Body
 Company
 Community
 Family
 Recommend control measures to eliminate
existing hazards.