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    Turbo Charger AND Performance of I.C. Engines

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    Tejas Upadhye
    Turbochargers use the exhaust gases of an engine to drive a turbine, which spins an air compressor to force more air into the engine. This allows more fuel to be burned, increasing power output. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and compressor on a shared shaft. It draws in ambient air, compresses it, and pumps it into the intake manifold at a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure. Turbocharging provides benefits like increased power and torque at high engine speeds due to a greater mass of air being forced into the engine. However, turbochargers also experience issues like lag time for the compressor to spin up and provide boost.

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    Turbo Charger AND Performance of I.C. Engines

    Uploaded by

    Tejas Upadhye
    26 views22 pages
    Turbochargers use the exhaust gases of an engine to drive a turbine, which spins an air compressor to force more air into the engine. This allows more fuel to be burned, increasing power output. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and compressor on a shared shaft. It draws in ambient air, compresses it, and pumps it into the intake manifold at a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure. Turbocharging provides benefits like increased power and torque at high engine speeds due to a greater mass of air being forced into the engine. However, turbochargers also experience issues like lag time for the compressor to spin up and provide boost.

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    Turbo charger

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    Turbochargers use the exhaust gases of an engine to drive a turbine, which spins an air compressor to force more air into the engine. This allows more fuel to be burned, increasing power output. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and compressor on a shared shaft. It draws in ambient air, compresses it, and pumps it into the intake manifold at a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure. Turbocharging provides benefits like increased power and torque at high engine speeds due to a greater mass of air being forced into the engine. However, turbochargers also experience issues like lag time for the compressor to spin up and provide boost.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views22 pages

    Turbo Charger AND Performance of I.C. Engines

    Uploaded by

    Tejas Upadhye
    Turbochargers use the exhaust gases of an engine to drive a turbine, which spins an air compressor to force more air into the engine. This allows more fuel to be burned, increasing power output. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and compressor on a shared shaft. It draws in ambient air, compresses it, and pumps it into the intake manifold at a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure. Turbocharging provides benefits like increased power and torque at high engine speeds due to a greater mass of air being forced into the engine. However, turbochargers also experience issues like lag time for the compressor to spin up and provide boost.

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    TURBO CHARGER

    AND
    PERFORMANCE OF I.C. ENGINES

    Name: Nikhil Shivajirao Yadav


    Roll no: 154
    Class: TE Mechanical
    Div: B
    Batch: B2
    A naturally-aspirated engine
    • Common type reciprocating piston I.C engine.
    • Depends solely on atmospheric pressure to counter the partial
    vacuum in the induction tract to draw in combustion air.
    • Due to restriction at intake track, a small pressure drop occurs as
    air is drawn in.
    • Resulting in a volumetric efficiency of less than 100 percent.
    Overcoming the drawback
    SUPERCHARGER
    • An air compressor used for forced induction of an internal
    combustion engine.
    • The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support
    combustion.
    • A turbine-driven supercharger is known as a turbocharger.
    The Turbocharger
    • Small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the exhaust gases
    of an engine
    • Turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on a shared
    shaft.
    • Converts exhaust heat to rotational force
    • Drives the compressor
    • The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in to the
    intake manifold at increased pressure
    Schematic diagram of a turbo charger
    fig:01
    Benefits of a Turbocharged
    engine
    • A greater mass of air (oxygen) will be forced in as the inlet
    manifold pressure increases.
    • Maintains the combustion chamber pressure and fuel/air load.
    • Increases the power and torque output of the engine high engine
    revolution speeds.
    • The increase in the inlet pressure of air by any means is called as
    boost.
    History of Turbocharger
    • During the First World War French engineer Auguste Rateau
    fitted turbochargers to Renault engines powering various French
    fighters with some success.
    • Turbochargers were first used in production aircraft engines in
    the 1920’s.
    • Compensating for the lower atmospheric pressure present at
    high altitude.
    • The first turbocharged diesel truck was produced by Schweizer
    Maschinenfabrik Saurer (Swiss Machine Works Saurer) in 1938.
    Components of a
    Turbocharger
    • Turbine
    • Impeller
    • Compressor
    • Housings
    • Waste gates
    • Oil water pumping
    • Bearing system

    Fig:02
    Turbine housing
    • The housings fitted around the compressor impeller and turbine
    • Turbine collect and direct the gas flow through the wheels as
    they spin.
    • The size and shape dictates the performance characteristics
    • manufactured in various grades of spheroidal graphite iron to
    deal with thermal fatigue and wheel burst containment.
    Turbine wheel
    • The Turbine Wheel is housed in the turbine casing
    • It is connected to a shaft that in turn rotates the compressor wheel.

    Fig:03
    Compressor
    • Accurate blade sections and profiles are

    important in achieving performance.


    • Back face profile machining optimizes

    impeller stress conditions


    • The impeller is located on the shaft

    assembly using a threaded nut.


    • Compressor housings are made in cast aluminum
    Blow off valves
    • A pressure relief device on the intake tract to prevent the turbo
    compressor from going into surge.

    • The BOV should be installed between the compressor discharge


    and the throttle body
    Waste gates
    • On the exhaust side, a Waste gate provides us a means to
    control the boost pressure of the engine.
    • Internal and external.
    • Bypassing this energy (e.g. exhaust flow) reduces the power
    driving the turbine wheel to match the power required for a
    given boost level. Waste gate are built into the turbine housing
    and consist of a “flapper” valve, Crank.
    Oil water plumbing
    • An oil inlet restrictor is recommended if you have oil pressure
    over about 60 p sig.
    • The oil outlet should be plumbed to the oil pan above the oil
    level (for wet sump systems).
    • Ahe heat in the head, exhaust manifold, and turbine housing
    finds its way to the turbo center housing, raising its temperature.
    • These use coolant from the engine to act as a heat sink after
    engine shutdown, preventing the oil from coking.
    Bearing system
    • A grey cast iron bearing housing
    • The shaft, turbine and compressor can rotate at speeds up to
    170,000rev/min
    • Shell molding is used to provide positional accuracy of critical
    features of the housing such as the shaft bearing and seal
    locations.
    Charge cooling
    • Compressing air in the turbocharger increases its temperature
    • An intercooler, a type of heat exchanger
    • Introduce extra fuel in charge
    • To achieve good power output by using extra fuel at the expense
    of economy and emissions
    Intake pressure variation
    Surge detection
    • Improper power distribution between main engine cylinders
    • One unit may produce less power
    • Air consumption differs
    • Mainly takes place in petrol engines with carburettor
    Advantages

    • More specific power over naturally aspirated engine


    • Better thermal efficiency
    • Weight/Packaging. Smaller and lighter
    • To use a smaller engine while achieving power levels of a much larger
    engine
    Disadvantages
    • Lack of responsiveness if an incorrectly sized turbocharger is
    used
    • Boost threshold- A turbocharger starts producing boost only
    above a certain rpm
    • The time required to bring the turbo up to a speed where it can
    functioneffectively is called turbo lag.
    Conclusion
    • Utilize the non renewable energy
    • Complete combustion of the fuels can be achieved
    • Power output can be increased.
    • Generally the naturally aspirated engine takes atmospheric
    pressurized air to the carburetor for air fuel mixture but we can
    add the high density air for the combustion so as a result the
    power and the complete combustion take place so efficiency is
    increasing.
    Thank you

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