ST JOSEPH COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

EXPREMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH BEHAVIOR

OF FLY ASH BRICK BY USING GLASS FIBRE
PROJECT REPORT
Presented BY
S.NIVEDHA - 212915103052
V. RAJASEKAR - 212915103062
S.SANDHIYA - 212915103071
A.VIJAY - 212915103098

GUIDED BY
Mr. J. GLADSON ME.,
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
 ABSTRACT

 In this work development of high strength and economical fly-ash bricks is

carried out.
 It is also necessary to utilize some other material like Fly ash, lime, sand,
quarry dust, glass fibre for the manufacturing of the brick.
 The fly ash of ‘F’ category is used as a raw material for making fly ash
bricks.
 The combination of fibre fly ash brick have different percentage of the
Glass fibre adding such as 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%
 In the testing of the fibre fly ash brick, there are two main types of the
testing which are to be done to find out the compressive strength and water
absorption test after 7, 14, 21days.
 In this we are going to show the high strength of fly ash brick by using
glass fibre through a comparatively in conventional bricks.
 INTRODUCTION
 In the construction field, the present scenario is developing the economical
and ecofriendly material is a great concern, by developing high strength
building material by utilizing agriculture and industrial wastes.
 Fly ash brick is a building material, specifically masonry units. The Energy
requirements for the developing countries in particular area get energy from
coal. The disposal of the increasing amounts of thermal waste from coal-
fired thermal power plants, this disposal of the thermal waste is called fly
ash.
 Fly ash is composed of the non-combustible mineral portion of coal
consumed in a coal fuelled power plant. Fly ash is a powdery substance
obtained from the dust collectors in the electrical power plants that use coal
as fuel.
 There are two basic type of fly ash Class F and Class C. Glass fibre is a
material consisting of numerous extremely fibres of glass.
 Their particular characteristic is their high strength. Glass is mainly made
from silicate (SiO2) with a tetrahedral structure (SiO4).
 Fibre glass is a light weight, extremely strong material. These fibres are
commonly used in the construction industries for high performance.

FLY ASH BRICK

LITERATURE REVIEW
Andreas Nataatmadja, “ Development of low- cost fly ash
bricks”
It is difficult to provide a cost estimate for the manufacture of fly ash
bricks since it depends on the availability and cost of the raw materials [ fly
ash, sand, sodium silicate]. However, the above results suggest the aside
from material and transportation costs, it is possible to manufacture the
bricks using a much cheaper and simpler technique and hence, complete
directly with clay bricks.

Tabin – rushad S, Abhisek kumar, K “ Experimental studies

on lime – soil –fly ash bricks”
The bricks made under pressure has increased compressive strength
according as the pressure was applied .As long as the percentage between
lime and fly ash is unchanged, the change in soil percentages does not
affect compressive strength significantly.
Dr. B. Sreekanth, ‘‘Strength and durability of masonry element’’
Fly ash bricks can be extensively used in all building constructional
activities similar to that of common burnt clay information regarding fly ash
brick properties and their uses in a most concise, compact and to the point
manner. Various laboratory experiments were carried out on fly ash brick
samples that are compressive strength, water absorption, Acid test and alkali
test. Optimum mixing ratios of fly ash, lime, sand and super plasticizer
[Master Glenium SKY 8233] were studied.

R. Suresh, E. Divya, ‘‘ Experimental Investigations on

Geopolymer Bricks/Paver Blocks ’’
The strength behaviours of Geopolymer concrete over ordinary Portland
cement concrete and focused to produce Geopolymer bricks and paver
blocks using the different ratios of FA and GGBS. The results are as
follows. GPCC with 50% sand and 50% quarry dust produced maximum
compressive, Flexural strength and Split tensile strength, which is on a par
with Ordinary Portland cement concrete. Thus, this study reduced the cost
of 50 % for sand and utilize 50 % of quarry dust, which are considered as
waste product. GPC paver block using 75% GGBS and 25% fly ash shows
excellent compressive strength (up to 50MPa). Geopolymer bricks using
75% GGBS & 25% FA shows excellent compressive strength (up to
19MPa).
METHODOLOGY
Search for source of materials

Collection of raw materials

Batching

Mixing and moulding

Drying

Testing of specimen

Result and Discussion

 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

 Fly ash (Class F)

Fly ash is finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of powdered
coal and transported by the flue gases and collected by electrostatic
precipitator. ASTM broadly classify fly ash into two classes
 Class F: Fly ash normally produced by burning anthracite or bituminous coal,
usually has less than 5% CaO. Class F fly ash has pozzolanic properties only.
 Class C: Fly ash normally produced by burning lignite or sub-bituminous coal.
Some class C fly ash may have CaO content in excess of 10%. In addition to
pozzolanic properties, class C fly ash also possesses cementious properties. Fly
ash used is of type class F with a specific gravity of 2.19.
S. No Properties Results obtained Range as per IS
Code
1 Specific Gravity 2.19 1.90-2.55 [IS
2720(part-III/sec-
I):1980]
2 Maximum Dry 1.4(g/cc) 0.9-1.6 [IS
Density 2720(XVI):1987]
3 Permeability 4.2x10-4 (cm/sec) 4x10-4- 8x10-4
[IS
2720(XVII):1986
]
4 Compression 0.3 3 0.05-0.4 [IS
Index 2720(IV):1985]
5 Coefficient of 3.08 3.1-10.7[IS
uniformity 2720(IV):1985]
 Lime
Lime is an important binding material in building construction. It is
basically Calcium oxide (CaO) in natural association with magnesium
oxide (MgO).Lime reacts with fly ash at ordinary temperature and forms a
compound possessing cementitious properties. After reactions between lime
and fly ash, calcium silicate hydrates are produced which are responsible
for the high strength of the compound.
 Sand
Generally River Sand is used in the Fly ash brick. Natural or River sand are
weathered and worrn out particles of rocks and are of various grades or sizes
depending upon the amount of wearing. Now-a-days good sand is not readily
available, it is transported from a long distance. Those resources are also
exhausting very rapidly. So it is a need of the time to find some substitute to
natural river sand.

Property Natural sand

Specific gravity 2.60

Bulk relative 1460
density[kg/m3]
 Quarry dust
It is residue taken from granite quarry. Due to excessive cost of
transportation from natural sources locally available river sand is
expensive. Whose continued use has started posing serious problems with
respect to its availability, cost and environmental impact. In such a case the
Quarry rock dust can be an economic alternative to the river sand. Usually,
Quarry Rock Dust is used in large scale in the highways as a surface
finishing material and also used for manufacturing of hollow blocks and
lightweight concrete prefabricated Elements. After processing fine particles
of size less than 4.75 mm is used in this work.
 Glass fibre
In this experimental work alkali resistance glass fibres used in different
percentage like 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%. Glass fibre is available in continuous
or chopped lengths. 12-mm lengths are used in this work.

Properties Value
Specific gravity 2.68
Softening point 860-15800 C
Electrical conductivity Very low
Chemical resistence Very high
Tensile strength 1700 Mpa
Moisture 0.3%
Filament dia 14μm
 CALCULATION
• Here we calculated the percentage of materials to be used in the bricks
manufacturing
PERCENTAGE OF MATERIALS USED FOR FLYASH BRICKS
 Fly ash = 60%
 Sand = 15%
 Quarry dust = 15%
 Lime = 10%
 Weight of one brick = 2.3 kg
TO CALCULATE QUANTITY OF MATERILS USED
 Fly ash is the waste material obtained from thermal power plant added major
portion of the bricks = 60/100 *2.3 = 1.38 kg
 Sand will be added at = 15/100*2.3 = 0.345 kg
 Quarry dust is also the waste material will be added at
 = 15/100*2.3 = 0.345 kg
 Lime is the important binding material will be added at
= 10/100*2.3 = 0.23 kg
 Glass fibre has attained higher strength so that we have to added at
different percentage
0.25% of glass fibre = 0.25/100*2.3 = 5.75 ×10^-3 kg
0.50% of glass fibre = 0.5/100*2.3 = 0.0115 kg
0.75% of glass fibre = 0.75/100*2.3 = 0.0187 kg
TOTAL WEIGHT OF RAW MATERIALS
 Fly ash will be taken by = 1.38*32 = 44.16kg
 Sand will be taken by = 0.345*32 = 11.04 kg
 Quarry dust will be taken by = 0.345*32 = 11.04 kg
 Lime will be taken by = 0.23*32 = 7.36 kg
 Glass fibre will be taken by
0.25% = 0.05 kg
0.50% = 0.1 kg
0.75% = 0.15 kg
 Total glass fibre = 0.3 kg
BATCHING MIXING MOULDING

MOULDING SUNDRIED BRICKS CURING OF BRICKS

 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
• Crushing strength of bricks is determined by placing brick in compression
testing machine. After placing the brick in compression testing machine,
apply load on it until brick breaks. The compressive strength of fly ash
brick is three times greater than the normal clay brick. The minimum
compressive strength of clay brick is 3.5 N/mm2 . So as the fly ash brick
has compressive strength of 10-12N/mm 2
TABULATION FOR COMPRESSION STRENGTH TEST
S.NO % OF GLASS FIBRE USED IN COMPRESSION
FLY ASH BRICK STRENGTH
N/mm2
1 0% 11.29N/mm2
2 0.25% 11.87N/mm2
3 0.5% 12.35N/mm2
4 0.75% 12.77N/mm2

COMPRESSION TEST RESULT

0.75

0.5 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

GLASS FIBRE

0.25

11.29 11.87 12.35 12.77

 ABSORPTION TEST

• In the water absorption test procedure first dry the brick and obtain the
weight (M1) then after a brick is put in the water pond for 24 hours. After
24 hours bricks are removed from water and after 3 minutes the weight of
the brick is measured. The measured weight is called the weight (M2)

WATER ABSORPTION
SAMPLE 7 DAYS 14 DAYS 21 DAYS
GF 0% 14.46 13.29 11.98
GF 0.25% 13.22 12.51 11.27
GF 0.5% 13.22 11.88 10.64
GF 0.75% 12.68 11.44 10.20
WATER ABSORPTION TEST RESULT
16

14

12

10

7 DAYS
8
14 DAYS
21 DAYS
6

0
SAMPLE GF 0% GF 0.25% GF 0.5% GF 0.75%
SHAPE AND SIZE TEST
Shape and size of bricks are very important consideration. All
bricks used for construction should be of same size. The shape of bricks
should be purely rectangular with sharp edges. Standard brick size consists
length x breadth x height as 19cm x 9cm x 9cm. To perform this test select
20 bricks randomly from brick group and stack them along its length,
breadth and height and compare. So, if all bricks similar size then they are
qualified for construction work.
COLOUR TEST
A good brick should possess bright and uniform colour throughout
its body. The fly ash can be tan to dark gray, depending on its chemical
and mineral constituents. Fly ash colour is usually very consistent for each
power plant and coal source.
HARDNESS TEST
A good brick should resist scratches against sharp things. So, for this
test a sharp tool or finger nail is used to make scratch on brick. If there is
no scratch impression on brick then it is said to be hard brick.
SOUNDNESS TEST
Soundness test of bricks shows the nature of bricks against sudden
impact. In this test, 2 bricks are chosen randomly and struck with one
another. Then sound produced should be clear bell ringing sound and brick
should not break. Then it is said to be good brick.
EFFLORESCENCE TEST
For this test, brick has to be placed vertically in water with one end
immersed. The depth of immersion in water being 2.5 cm, then the whole
arrangement should be kept in a warm-well-ventilated room temperature of
20-30oC until all evaporates. When the water in the dish is absorbed by the
brick and surplus water evaporates. When the water is completely absorbed
and evaporated place similar quantity of water in dish and allows it to
absorb and evaporate as before.
 Examine the brick after this and find out the percentage of white spots to
the surface area of brick. If any difference is observed because of presence
of any salt deposit then the rating is reported as ‘effloresced’. If no
difference is noted, the rating is reported as ‘not effloresced’
TEST DISCUSSION
S.NO NAME OF THE TEST CONVENTIONAL FLYASH BRICK
BRICK [FLY ASH WITH GLASS
BRICK] FIBRE

1 Compression Test 11.29 N/ mm2 12.77N/mm2

2 Absorption Test 12% 10.20%

3 Hardness Test Steady state Hard state

4 Soundness Test Good Good

5 Shape and size Test Better quality brick Good quality brick
CONCLUSION

After all the efforts and learning of local technologies and practices
and with the help of experimental investigation, the following observations
are made by adding Glass fibre in fly ash bricks with different percentage
and also minimize impacts on the environmental by utilization of Class F fly
ash in the manufacturing of bricks.
From the above we came to know that the brick is ecological and
durable walling elements based on the use of compressed fly ash bricks by
adding the glass fibre. We have shown the results over the strengthening of
fly ash bricks with glass fibre through a comparative study between the
normal fly ash bricks and fly ash bricks by adding glass fibre. When
compared to fly ash bricks and the compressive strength of the fly ash bricks
with glass fibres is higher.
 REFERENCES

1. Andreas Nataatmadja, “ Development of low- cost fly ash bricks”

2. Tabin – rushad S, Abhisek kumar, K “ Experimental studies on lime – soil
–fly ash bricks”
3. Dr. B. Sreekanth, ‘‘Strength and durability of masonry element
4. R. Suresh, E. Divya, ‘‘ Experimental Investigations on Geopolymer
Bricks/Paver Blocks ’’
THANK YOU