Decimal Fraction
Decimal Fraction
Decimal Fraction
FRACTION
1
1 Fraction and Decimal Fraction
Any number or quantity divided into one or more parts, known as fraction.
For Example
1 2 3
A quantity is divided into three equal parts, then 5 , 5 , 5 represent one-fifth, two-fifth and
three-fifth, respectively.
NOTE :
1. A fraction is a number which represents a ratio or division of two whole numbers.
2. A fraction cannot have 0 as the denominator because division by 0 is not defined or
we can also say that its quotient will be infinity.
3. A fraction equals unity when its numerator and denominator are identical.
4. A fraction which has 1 as denominator is equal to its numerator
5. A fraction equals 0 when it has 0 as numerator.
6. The value of a fraction is not altered when both its numerator and denominator are
multiplied or divided by the same number (other then 0).
2
TYPES OF FRACTION
3
PROPER FRACTION
2 5 8 13
, , , ,etc.
17 22 29 217
4
IMPROPER FRACTION
14 18 220
, , , etc.
12 13 118
5
MIXED FRACTION
4 11 112
, 7 , 3287 , etc.
5 13 913
6
COMPOUND FRACTION
3 2 3 2 6
of = × =
5 7 5 7 35
11 21 11 21 231
of = × =
17 109 17 109 1853
7
COMPLEX FRACTION
Example :
3 2
4 2 3
, 7 , 7
8
9 11
8
LADDER OR CONTINUED FRACTION
1 2
The form of such fraction 1+ 2 or 2
1+ 3 2+ 2
2+ 4 3+ 2
1+5 3+3
9
EQUIVALENT FRACTION
Equivalent fractions are those which represent the same ratio or number.
Example :
3 6 30
, ,
5 10 50
They represent the same ratio as multiplying or dividing numerator and denominator by
common factor does not alter the value of the fraction.
10
APPLICATION OR OPERATION
ON FRACTION
11
Addition of fractions
1 First of all we find the common denominator, for which we take the LCM of the denominators
of all the given fractions.
2 Divide the LCM by denominator and multiply the quotient so obtained with the numerator of
each fraction.
Add the products of Step (ii). The sum will give the numerator and LCM the denominator of
3
the resultant fraction.
NOTE:
You can add the integral parts separately
12
4
Subtraction of Fractions
The method of subtraction of fraction is same as that for their addition.
Only we have to take care of signs.
5 Multiplication of Fractions
Convert the mixed fraction, if any, into improper fraction.
Multiply the numerators which give the numerator of the product.
Multiply the denominators to get the denominator of the product.
NOTE:
Quite often, multiplication is also represented by the symbol
'of' in the problems.
13
6 Division of Fractions
Reciprocal or inverse of a fraction is obtained by interchanging its
𝟕 𝟗
numerator and denominator, For example, Inverse of 𝟗 𝐢𝐬 𝟕 ; Inverse of
𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟐
𝐢𝐬 𝟐𝟏𝟑
.
NOTE:
First convert mixed fraction into improper fraction.
14
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟐 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟐
𝟏𝟓 𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟑
𝟐𝟎 𝟒 𝟐𝟓 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝟒𝟎 𝟐 𝟓𝟎 𝟒
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟒 = 𝟏. 𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐
𝟓 𝟕 𝟑 𝟗
𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝟎. 𝟖𝟏
𝟖 𝟖 𝟓 𝟏𝟏
15
7 Decimal Fractions
If the fraction has denominator in the power of 10, then fraction is
called decimal fraction.
For example
𝟏 𝟔
10th part of unit = 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏; 10th part of 6 = 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟔
For example
𝟐𝟑 𝟑𝟓 𝟕
0.23=𝟏𝟎𝟎 ; 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓 = =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
NOTE :
Placing zeroes to the right of a decimal fraction, it does not make any change in value. Hence ,
0.5, 0.50, 0.500 and 0.5000 are equal.
If numerator and denominator of a fraction have same number of decimal places, than each of
the decimal point be removed.
16
TYPES OF DECIMAL
FRACTIONS
17
Recurring Decimal Fraction
1 The decimal fraction, in which one or more decimal digits are repeated again and
again, is called recurring decimal fraction. To represent these fractions, a line is
drawn on the digits which are repeated.
𝟐
For example 𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 … = 𝟎. 𝟔; ഥ 𝟐𝟕
𝟕
= 3.142857142857 = 3.𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕
18
Pure Recurring Decimal Fraction
1 When all the digits in a decimal fraction are repeated after the decimal point, then
the decimal fraction is called as pure recurring decimal fraction.
For example:
ഥ 0.𝟒𝟖𝟗, etc.
𝟓,
2 To convert pure recurring decimal fractions into simple fractions (vulgar form), write down the
repeated digits only once in numerator and place as many nines in the denominator as the
number of digits repeating.
For example
𝟑 𝟏
(i) 0.𝟑ഥ = 𝟗 = 𝟑
Since, there is only 1 repeated digit.
Therefore, only single 9 is placed in denominator.
𝟓𝟕 𝟏𝟗
(ii) 0.𝟓𝟕 = 𝟗𝟗 = 𝟑𝟑
Since, there are only 2 repeated digits.
Therefore, two 9's are placed in denominator.
19
Mixed Recurring Decimal Fraction
1 A decimal fraction in which some digits are repeated and some are not repeated
after decimal is called as mixed recurring decimal fraction.
For example:
3.𝟐𝟐𝟑, O. 𝟏𝟗, etc.
2 To convert mixed recurring decimal fractions into simple fractions, in the numerator, take the
difference between the number formed by all the digits after decimal point (repeated digits will
be taken only once) and the number formed by non-repeating digits. In the denominator, place
as many nines as there are repeating digits and after nine put as many as there are repeating
digits and after nine put as many zeroes as the number of non-repeating digits.
For example :
(𝟑𝟔 – 𝟑) 𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏
0.𝟑𝟔 = = 𝟗𝟎 =𝟑𝟎
𝟗𝟎
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APPLICATION OR
OPERATION ON
DECIMAL FRACTIONS
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Conversion of Decimal Number into Mixed Number
1 Write the integral part of the decimal number as it is and draw a horizontal line on its
right side. Write the digits in the fractional part as numerator above the line. Below the
line, write 1 and put as many zeros as there are digits in the fractional part of the decimal
number and this will form the denominator.
If the integral part consists of only zeros, we can ignore it.
For example:
𝟐𝟑 𝟒𝟓 𝟐 𝟐𝟑𝟏
7.23=7𝟏𝟎𝟎; 0.45 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗 ; 1231=1𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟗𝟎 𝟏𝟗
10.190=10𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Here, we could have ignored the extreme right zero as it carries no meaning in a decimal
fraction.
𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
0.0013=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
22
ADDITION AND
SUBSTRACTION OF
DECIMA NUMBER
23
1 Alignment of decimal points of all numbers.
2 Annex zeros to the right side of the decimal fraction to make equal place of decimal, if
required.
24
Multiplication of Decimal Numbers
1 Multiply the decimal numbers just like whole numbers, ignoring the decimal. Finally, the
decimal is placed in the product at such a point that the number of decimal places in the
product is equal to the total number of decimal places in all the numbers which have
been multiplied.
NOTE :
To multiply a decimal number by 10 is equivalent to moving the decimal point one place
to the right, to multiply by 100 is equivalent to moving the decimal point two places to
the right and so on. In other words, we move the decimal point to the right by as many
places as there are zeros after 1 in the multiplier.
25
Division of Decimal Numbers
NOTE:
To simplify division, always change the divisor into a whole number as explained in Steps i and ii above. If the
divisor is already a whole number, Steps i and ii get eliminated. Instead of following the above steps, we can
straight way carry out division ignoring the decimal points. In the end we subtract the number of decimal
places of the divisor from the decimal places of the dividend and mark/move the same number of decimal
places in the quotient.
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Conversion of Pure Recurring Decimal into Vulgar Fraction
Write the repeated digits only once in the numerator and write as many 9s in the denominator as is the
number of repeated digits.
Solution:
𝟑
(i) 0.3 =
𝟗
𝟓𝟗
(ii) 0.𝟓𝟗 = 𝟗𝟗
𝟐𝟕
(iii) 0.0𝟐𝟕 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟑𝟐𝟏
(iv) 0.𝟑𝟐𝟏= 𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟐𝟏𝟑
(v) 5.𝟐𝟏𝟑 = 5 𝟗𝟗𝟗
27
Conversion of Mixed Recurring Decimal into Vulgar Fraction
In the numerator, write the difference between the number formed by all the digits after the decimal point
(writing the repeated digits only once) and the number formed by non-repeating digits. In the denominator
write as many 9s as there are repeated digits and suffix to it as many zeros as there are non-repeating digits.
𝟐𝟎𝟑−𝟐 𝟐𝟎𝟏
(ii) 0.2𝟎𝟑 = = 𝟗𝟗𝟎
𝟗𝟗𝟎
𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟑𝟐−𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟏𝟕
(iii) 0.15𝟒𝟑𝟐 = = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟎
𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟎
(𝟏𝟔𝟒−𝟏) 𝟏𝟔𝟑
(iv) 4.𝟏𝟔𝟒 =4 = 𝟒 𝟗𝟗𝟎
𝟗𝟗𝟎
𝟏𝟒𝟔𝟏𝟑−𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟗𝟗
(v) 40.14𝟔𝟏𝟑 = 40 = 𝟒𝟎 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟎
𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟎
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How to decide whether a given vulgar fraction will convert into a Terminating Decimal of
Pure Recurring Decimal or Mixed Recurring Decimal.
1 If the denominator of a vulgar fraction in its lowest terms has factors only of powers of 2 and
5, either alone or multiplied together, the fraction will convert into a Terminating Decimal.
𝟒 𝟗 𝟑
For example, 𝟓 = 0.8; 𝟐×𝟓 = 0.9; 𝟐𝟐= 0.75;
𝟒 𝟐𝟓
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔; 𝟐×𝟓𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝟓𝟐
2 If the denominator of a vulgar fraction in its lowest terms is not divisible either
by 2 or by 5, the fraction will convert into a Pure Recurring Decimal.
1 2
For example, 3 = 0.3; 3 = 0.6;
1 5
= 0. 142857 ; = 0.5
7 9
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3 If the denominator of a vulgar fraction in its lowest terms consists of power of 2 or 5 in
addition to other factors, the fraction will convert into a Mixed Recurring Decimal.
𝟏 𝟏
For example, 𝟐×𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔; 𝟓×𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔
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Approximation of Decimal Fraction
Add one to the last retained digit if the digit to the right of it is 5 or greater than 5, else ignore all the digits to
the right of the last retained digit.
For example, 0.486753.
(i) Its approximate value up to five decimal places is 0.48675.
(ii) Its approximate value up to four decimal places is 0.4868.
(iii) Its approximate value up to three decimal places is 0.487 and
so on.
NOTE :
In addition and subtraction of decimals, we should take into account just two decimal places more than the
accuracy required in the result.
Here, we have retained only up to (4 + 2) =6 decimal places. 34.1825.
31
Approximation of Decimal Fraction
Add one to the last retained digit if the digit to the right of it is 5 or greater than 5, else ignore all the digits to
the right of the last retained digit.
For example, 0.486753.
(i) Its approximate value up to five decimal places is 0.48675.
(ii) Its approximate value up to four decimal places is 0.4868.
(iii) Its approximate value up to three decimal places is 0.487 and
so on.
NOTE :
In addition and subtraction of decimals, we should take into account just two decimal places more than the
accuracy required in the result.
Here, we have retained only up to (4 + 2) =6 decimal places. 34.1825.
32
1 198
Solve 213 ÷ 11
SOLUTION
33
2 123 2 7
Multiply × ×9
217 5
SOLUTION
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13 1 1
3 Find the value of 15 − 3 − 4
SOLUTION
35
4 Ram eats 8 bananas in the morning, 5 in the afternoon and 2 in the evening.
How many dozens of bananas does he eat in a day?
SOLUTION
36
1 2 5
5 Solve 43 + 2 5 + 7 6
SOLUTION
37
3
6 Express with denominator equal to 28.
7
SOLUTION
38
7 What decimal of an hour is a second ?
SOLUTION
39
(2.39)2 −1.612
8 Evaluate
2.39−1.61
SOLUTION
40
(0.96)3 −(0.1)3
9 Find the value of
(0.9602 +0.096+(0.1)2
SOLUTION
41
10 Find the value of 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.1 + 0.02 x 0.02 x 0.02
0.2 x 0.2 x 0.2 + 0.04 x 0.04 x 0.04
SOLUTION
42
11 If 2994 ÷ 14.5 = 172, then 29.94 ÷ 1.45 = ?
SOLUTION
43
12 When 0.232323..... is converted into a fraction, then the result is what?
SOLUTION
44
0.009
13 If = 0.01 then find the value of x.
𝑥
SOLUTION
45
14 If the expression (11.98 x 11.98 + 11.98 x + 0.02 x 0.02) will be a perfect square
then find the value of x.
SOLUTION
46
(0.1667)(0.8333)(0.3333)
15 is approximately equal to?
(0.2222)(0.6667)(0.1250)
SOLUTION
47
16 3889 + 12.952 - ? = 3854.002
SOLUTION
48
17 Find the value of 0.04 x 0.0162
SOLUTION
49
4.2×4.2−1.9×1.9
18 Find the value of .
2.3×6.1
SOLUTION
50
144 14.4
19 If = then find the value of x
0.144 𝑥
SOLUTION
51
20 The price of commodity X increases by 40 paisa every year, while the price of commodity Y increases by 15
paisa every year. If in 2001, the price of commodity X was Rs.4.20 and that of Y was Rs6.30, in which year
commodity X will cost 40 paisa more than the commodity Y ?
SOLUTION
52
21 Which of the following fractions is greater than 3/4 and less than 5/6?
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/3 (c) 4/5 (d) 9/10
SOLUTION
53
22 34.95 + 240.016 + 23.98 = ?
SOLUTION
54
23 Find the rational number for recurring decimal o.125125
SOLUTION
55
24 617 + 6.017 + 0.617 + 6.0017 = ?
SOLUTION
56
25 0.002 x 0.5 = ?
SOLUTION
57
489.1375×0.0483×1.956
26 Find the value of 0.0873×92.581×99.749
SOLUTION
58
27 How many digits will be there to the right of the decimal point in the product of 95.75 and
.02554 ?
SOLUTION
59
28 Find the correct expression of 6. 46 in the fractional form
SOLUTION
60
29 3. 57 − 2. 59 = ?
SOLUTION
61
0.0203×2.92
30 Find the value of
0.0073×14.5×0.7
SOLUTION
62