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    Parallel Structure Powerpoint

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    Afriany Nafi'ah Yusmita
    The document discusses parallel structure, which is using the same grammatical pattern to show that two or more ideas have equal importance. Parallel structure can occur at the word, phrase, or clause level. Some examples of parallel structure include using gerunds, infinitives, or clauses in a list or series of items. The document provides examples of parallel and non-parallel structures and recommends proofreading strategies like checking for parallelism around conjunctions.

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    Parallel Structure Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Afriany Nafi'ah Yusmita
    187 views9 pages
    The document discusses parallel structure, which is using the same grammatical pattern to show that two or more ideas have equal importance. Parallel structure can occur at the word, phrase, or clause level. Some examples of parallel structure include using gerunds, infinitives, or clauses in a list or series of items. The document provides examples of parallel and non-parallel structures and recommends proofreading strategies like checking for parallelism around conjunctions.

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    The document discusses parallel structure, which is using the same grammatical pattern to show that two or more ideas have equal importance. Parallel structure can occur at the word, phrase, or clause level. Some examples of parallel structure include using gerunds, infinitives, or clauses in a list or series of items. The document provides examples of parallel and non-parallel structures and recommends proofreading strategies like checking for parallelism around conjunctions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    187 views9 pages

    Parallel Structure Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Afriany Nafi'ah Yusmita
    The document discusses parallel structure, which is using the same grammatical pattern to show that two or more ideas have equal importance. Parallel structure can occur at the word, phrase, or clause level. Some examples of parallel structure include using gerunds, infinitives, or clauses in a list or series of items. The document provides examples of parallel and non-parallel structures and recommends proofreading strategies like checking for parallelism around conjunctions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Parallel Structure

    Using the same pattern of words to show that two


    or more ideas have the same level of importance.
    This can happen at the word, phrase,
    or clause level.
    • The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of
    coordinating conjunctions such as “and” or “or.”
    • Words and Phrases
    • With the -ing form (gerund) of words:
    • Parallel Example: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling.
    • With infinitive phrases:
    • Parallel Example: Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle.
    OR
    Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.
    • (Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.
    Do not mix forms.

    • Example 1
    • Not Parallel:
    Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
    • Parallel:
    Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
    • Example 2
    • Not Parallel:
    The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately,
    and in a detailed manner.
    • Parallel:
    The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately,
    and thoroughly.
    Example 3

    • Not Parallel:
    The teacher said that he was a poor student because he
    waited until the last minute to study for the exam,
    completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his
    motivation was low.
    • Parallel:
    The teacher said that he was a poor student because he
    waited until the last minute to study for the exam,
    completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and
    lacked motivation.
    Clauses

    • A parallel structure that begins with clauses must


    keep on with clauses. Changing to another pattern or
    changing the voice of the verb (from active to
    passive or vice versa) will break the parallelism.
    Example 1

    • Not Parallel:
    The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep,
    that they should not eat too much, and to do some warm-up
    exercises before the game.
    • Parallel:
    The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep,
    that they should not eat too much, and that they should do
    some warm-up exercises before the game.
    • — or — Parallel:
    The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep,
    not eat too much, and do some warm-up exercises before the
    game.
    Example 2

    • Not Parallel:
    The salesman expected that he would present his
    product at the meeting, that there would be time for
    him to show his slide presentation, and that questions
    would be asked by prospective buyers. (passive)
    • Parallel:
    The salesman expected that he would present his
    product at the meeting, that there would be time for
    him to show his slide presentation, and that prospective
    buyers would ask him questions.
    Lists After a Colon

    • Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in the same


    form.
    • Example 1

    • Not Parallel:
    The dictionary can be used to find: word meanings, pronunciations,
    correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs.
    • Parallel:
    The dictionary can be used to find: word meanings, pronunciations,
    correct spellings, and irregular verbs.
    Proofreading Strategies
    • Skim your paper, pausing at the words "and" and "or."
    Check on each side of these words to see whether the
    items joined are parallel. If not, make them parallel.
    • If you have several items in a list, put them in a column to
    see if they are parallel.
    • Listen to the sound of the items in a list or the items
    being compared. Do you hear the same kinds of sounds?
    For example, is there a series of "-ing" words beginning
    each item? Or do your hear a rhythm being repeated? If
    something is breaking that rhythm or repetition of sound,
    check to see if it needs to be made parallel.

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