Mixed method research involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. It allows researchers to validate or corroborate results from different methods and gain insights that may not emerge from a single method alone. Mixed methods can involve sequential or concurrent designs and is useful when exploring a phenomenon, developing new instruments, or generalizing qualitative findings. While complex, mixed methods provides strengths in offsetting weaknesses from a single approach.
Mixed method research involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. It allows researchers to validate or corroborate results from different methods and gain insights that may not emerge from a single method alone. Mixed methods can involve sequential or concurrent designs and is useful when exploring a phenomenon, developing new instruments, or generalizing qualitative findings. While complex, mixed methods provides strengths in offsetting weaknesses from a single approach.
Mixed method research involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. It allows researchers to validate or corroborate results from different methods and gain insights that may not emerge from a single method alone. Mixed methods can involve sequential or concurrent designs and is useful when exploring a phenomenon, developing new instruments, or generalizing qualitative findings. While complex, mixed methods provides strengths in offsetting weaknesses from a single approach.
Mixed method research involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. It allows researchers to validate or corroborate results from different methods and gain insights that may not emerge from a single method alone. Mixed methods can involve sequential or concurrent designs and is useful when exploring a phenomenon, developing new instruments, or generalizing qualitative findings. While complex, mixed methods provides strengths in offsetting weaknesses from a single approach.
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The Mixed
Method
Reporters: Elizabeth G. Espiritu
Lea Incog
Raiza kie Dela Cruz
Mixed Method Research • is a technique used to gather, analyse and integrate quantitative data as in experiments and surveys, and qualitative as in focus groups and interviews. • This approach to research provides or with another problem. The strength of combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches is that the researcher gains in-depth understanding highlighted over the other. Triangulation Allows the researchers to identify more accurately aspects of the problem by approaching it from different viewpoints using successful triangulation which requires careful analysis strengths and weaknesses. When to use it? Mixed methods research is particularly suited:
1. When one wants to validate or corroborate the results obtained from other methods. 2. When one needs to use one method to inform another method. 3. When one wants to continuously look at a research question from different angles, and clarify unexpected findings and/or potential contradictions. 4. When one wants to elaborate, clarify, or build on findings from other methods. 5. When one wants to develop a theory about a phenomenon of interest and then test it. 6. When one wants to generalize findings from qualitative research. Advantage of Mixed Method
1. Provides strengths that offset the weaknesses of both
quantitative and qualitative research. 2. Provides a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the research problem than either quantitative or qualitative approaches alone. 3. Provides an approach for developing better, more context specific instruments. 4. Helps to explain findings or how causal processes work. Disadvantages and Limitation of Mixed Method – The research design can be very complex. – Takes much more time and resources to plan and implement this type of research. – It may be difficult to plan and implement one method by drawing on the findings of another. – It may be unclear how to resolve discrepancies that arise in the interpretation of the findings. Types of mixed methods research designs
– Sequential explanatory design
This design involves the collection and analysis of quantitative data followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data. When to use it? – To help explain, interpret or contextualize quantitative findings. – To examine in more detail unexpected results from a quantitative study. Strengths: – Easy to implement because the steps fall into clear separate stages. – The design is easy to describe and the results easy to report. Weaknesses: – Requires a substantial length of time to complete all data collection given the two separate phases. Example: – The researcher collects data about people’s risk and benefit perceptions of red meat using a survey and follows up with interviews with a few individuals who participated in the survey to learn in more detail about their survey responses (e.g., to understand the thought process of people with low risk perceptions). Quantitative Qualitative Interpret Data Data Result
Explanatory Sequential design
– Sequential exploratory design In this design, qualitative data collection and analysis is followed by quantitative data collection and analysis.
When to use it?
– To explore a phenomenon and to expand on qualitative findings. – To test elements of an emergent theory resulting from the qualitative research. – To generalize qualitative findings to different samples in order to determine the distribution of a phenomenon within a chosen population. – To develop and test a new instrument Strengths: – Easy to implement because the steps fall into clear, separate stages. – The design is easy to describe and the results easy to report. Weaknesses: – Requires a substantial length of time to complete all data collection given the two separate phases. – It may be difficult to build from the qualitative analysis to the subsequent data collection. Example: – The researcher explores people's beliefs and knowledge regarding nutritional information by starting with in-store interviews and then uses an analysis of the information to develop a survey instrument that is administered later to a sample from a population. Qualitative Quantitative Interpret Data Data Result
Exploratory Sequential design
Concurrent triangulation In this design only one data collection phase is used, during which quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis are conducted separately yet concurrently.
When to use it?
– To develop a more complete understanding of a topic or phenomenon. – To cross-validate or corroborate findings. Strengths: – Provides well-validated and substantiated findings. – Compared to sequential designs, data collection takes less time. Weaknesses: – Requires great effort and expertise to adequately use two separate methods at the same time. – It can be difficult to compare the results of two analysis using data of different forms. – It may be unclear how to resolve discrepancies that arise while comparing the results. – Given that data collection is conducted concurrently, results of one method (e.g., interview) cannot be integrated in the other method (e.g., survey). Example: – The researcher uses a survey to assess people’s self-reported food safety practices and also observes those practices in their natural environment. By comparing the two types of data, the researcher can see if there is a match between what people think they are doing and what they are actually doing in terms of food safety practices. Concurrent nested – In this design only one data collection phase is used, during which a predominant method (quantitative or qualitative) nests or embeds the other less priority method (qualitative or quantitative, respectively). This nesting may mean that the embedded method addresses a different question than the dominant method or seeks information from different levels. The data collected from the two methods are mixed during the analysis phase of the project. When to use it? – To gain broader and in-depth perspectives on a topic. – To offset possible weaknesses inherent to the predominant method. – Strengths: – Two types of data are collected simultaneously, reducing time and resources (e.g., number of participants). – Provides a study with the advantages of both quantitative and qualitative data.
– Weaknesses: – The data needs to be transformed in some way so that both types of data can be integrated during the analysis, which can be difficult. – Inequality between different methods may result in unequal evidence within the study, which can be a disadvantage when interpreting the results. – – Example: – The researcher collects data to assess people’s knowledge and risk perceptions about genetically modified food by using a survey instrument that mixes qualitative (open-ended) and quantitative (closed-ended) questions, and both forms of data are integrated and analysed. Concurrent design
Quantitative Qualitative data data
Research Comparison and
integration of result Question Why use mixed methods?
– Validity – Unexpected results
– Offset – Instrument – Completeness development – Process – Credibility – Explanation – Context – Utility Mixed Methods Proposals/Papers – Multiple conceptual frameworks of study – Concurrent or sequential design – One method may have priority or both methods may have equal standing – Mix can happen throughout study starting at data collection, or is integrated at analysis. – Need for adequate resources for data collection and analysis, including qualitative software. – Sampling – Word limits in proposal writing and in manuscript preparation for peer-reviewed journals – use of tables and figures encouraged Basic reasons for using mixed methods: – Need different, multiple perspectives, for more complete understanding of associations, processes, and mechanisms. – Hypothesis building. – Confirmation and explanation of quantitative results with data describing qualitative experiences. – Qualitative inquiry as a first step in instrument development. – Need better contextualized instruments, measures, or interventions to reach certain populations. – Need to enhance our experiments. – Need to gather trend data and individual perspectives from community members. – Need to evaluate the success of a program by using a needs assessment AND a test of the success of the program
