Scribd
Upload
280 views22 pages

Bacteria

This document defines different types of bacteria and their characteristics. It discusses the differences between eubacteria and archaebacteria, and describes three types of archaebacteria. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are compared. The structure of bacterial cells and how they move are outlined. Extremophiles that can survive in extreme environments are described. Different shapes and classifications of bacteria are also summarized.

Uploaded by

jenelyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
280 views22 pages

Bacteria

This document defines different types of bacteria and their characteristics. It discusses the differences between eubacteria and archaebacteria, and describes three types of archaebacteria. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are compared. The structure of bacterial cells and how they move are outlined. Extremophiles that can survive in extreme environments are described. Different shapes and classifications of bacteria are also summarized.

Uploaded by

jenelyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Bacteria

“bacteria by Jonathan Coulton


Objectives
• Define Bacteria, eubacteria, & archaebacteria,
and note the relationships between them.
• Methods used to classify bacteria
• Describe 3 types of archaebacteria
• Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative bacteria
• Structure of a bacteria cell
• How they move
• Bacterial genetic recombination
• It’s their planet, they were here first,
and there’s more of them than us.
• They’re microscopic prokaryotes
– No nucleus, ect…

The bacteria save us in


War of the Worlds
Evolution
• They’ve been evolving for 3.5 billion years,
that’s a lot of time to turn into different
species.
• They’ve found ways to survive almost
everywhere. Some can “hibernate” in
space
– Leads to interesting ideas
How many?
• 40 million bacteria in a gram of dirt
• 1 million in a mL of fresh water
• 5x1030 bacteria in the world
• Your body has 10x’s more bacteria cells
than human cells in it
Classification
• A lot of bacteria look pretty much alike
• Group them on…
– Structure, physiology, how they react to dif.
Types of staining techniques
• OR group them on RNA similarity
Why did the bacteria cross the
microscope?
• To get to the
other slide.
Two kinds of bacteria
• Eubacteria

• Archaebacteria
– More ancient group
Archaebacteria
• Have weird lipids on their
membranes
• Have introns in their DNA

NO
• Have

Peptidoglycan
– A protein/carb mix
Extremophiles
• Love extremes
• No competition there
• Places to salty, acidic, hot or cold, for life
Methanogens
• Oxygen kills them
• Live at bottom of swamps, or in sewage
• Can combine O2 and CO2 into methane
– Swamp gas
• And in your gut
– Enteric bacteria
– E. Coli  a facultative anaerobe: It can live with or
without O2
– Obligate anaerobes: Have to live where there’s no O2
Halophiles & Acidophiles
• Halophiles: Love salt
– Live in the dead sea
– 2nd saltiest water on
Earth
– 8x’s saltier than
oceans
– Lowest point on earth
not covered by ice
– 418 M below sea level
Dead Sea
• King David,
Herod, Jesus,
John The
Baptist,
• Jericho is just
north (oldest
continually
occupied town
• But the sea is
shrinking
– People need
water
Volcanic acid lake in Gorley
(Kamchatka, Russia)
• A
crowbar
will
dissolve
in about
an hour
in this
lake
Acid Lake in Taal, Phillipines
• Sulfuric vents at the
lake’s edge
Eubacteria
• Rod shaped: Bacilli
• Sphere shaped: cocci
– Linked in a chain:
streptococci
– Grape-like clusters:
staphylococci
• Spiral shpaed: Spirilla
Gram Stain
• Gram-positive: keep the
stain, show up purple
– They have peptidoglycan
– These bacteria make yogurt
• Gram-negative: don’t take
the gram stain, but do take a
pink stain instead
– Rhizobium: makes N2 gases
usable by plants
• The difference: Make dif, chemicals,
react to dif antibiotics and disinfectants
• Not plants, but do
photosynthesis Cyanobacteria
• Heterocysts: a kind
that makes Nitrogen
usable for plants
• If you put a lot of
nitrogen into a water
supply you get a
population bloom
– Eutrophication: all
these bacteria suck up
the oxygen and
everything else in the
water dies
Genetic recombination
• Without reproducing bacteria can acquire
and express new genetic info
• Transformation: Bacteria take in DNA
around it
• Conjugation: Bacteria use pilli to make a
bridge between each other and uses
plasmids
• Transduction: viruses carry DNA between
bacteria

You might also like