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    Iodine Deficiency

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    sunielgowda
    Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and many bodily functions. Deficiency can cause goiter, cretinism, impaired growth and brain development. It is most commonly prevented through iodization of salt to provide the recommended daily intake which varies from 100-200 micrograms per day for adults to 40-50 micrograms per day for infants. Deficiency disorders are assessed through measures like goiter prevalence, urinary iodine levels, and can be prevented by iodized salt programs.

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    Iodine Deficiency

    Uploaded by

    sunielgowda
    118 views27 pages
    Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and many bodily functions. Deficiency can cause goiter, cretinism, impaired growth and brain development. It is most commonly prevented through iodization of salt to provide the recommended daily intake which varies from 100-200 micrograms per day for adults to 40-50 micrograms per day for infants. Deficiency disorders are assessed through measures like goiter prevalence, urinary iodine levels, and can be prevented by iodized salt programs.

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    Iodine

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    Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and many bodily functions. Deficiency can cause goiter, cretinism, impaired growth and brain development. It is most commonly prevented through iodization of salt to provide the recommended daily intake which varies from 100-200 micrograms per day for adults to 40-50 micrograms per day for infants. Deficiency disorders are assessed through measures like goiter prevalence, urinary iodine levels, and can be prevented by iodized salt programs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    118 views27 pages

    Iodine Deficiency

    Uploaded by

    sunielgowda
    Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and many bodily functions. Deficiency can cause goiter, cretinism, impaired growth and brain development. It is most commonly prevented through iodization of salt to provide the recommended daily intake which varies from 100-200 micrograms per day for adults to 40-50 micrograms per day for infants. Deficiency disorders are assessed through measures like goiter prevalence, urinary iodine levels, and can be prevented by iodized salt programs.

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    IODINE DEFICIENCY

    Iodine

     Found in thyroid gland


     Stored in the form of thyroglobulin
     Constituent of thyroid hormones thyroxine T4,
    triiodothyronine T3

     The adult human body contains about 50 mg of


    iodine

     Blood level is 8-12 micrograms / dl


     Natural element, essential to human life

     Most vital functions in the body depend upon I


    FUNCTIONS

     Constituent of T3 & T4
     Regulates the rate of oxidation within cells
     Influences physical & mental growth
     Influences functioning of nervous & muscle tissue
     Influences circulatory activity
     Influences metabolism of all nutrients
     Essential for reproduction
    RDA

    GROUP Micro g / day


    Adult 100-200
    Pregnancy +25
    Lactation +50
    Infant 40-50
    Children 70-120
    Sources

     IODIZED SALT
     Sea foods
     Sea weed
     Salt water fish
     Shell fish
     Cod liver oil
     Egg
     Milk
     Meat products
     Vegetables
     Cereals
     Fresh water
     90 % from foods
     Remaining – water, soil
    Goitrogens – chemical substances
    Substances which interfere with iodine absorption
     Cabbage
     Raddish
     Cauliflower
     Peanuts
     Soyabean

    GOITRE
    Spectrum of Iodine Deficiency Disorders

    Foetus:
     Abortions
     Still Births
     Congenital Anomalies
     Increased PNMR
     Neurological Cretinism
     Myxedematotous Cretinism
    Spectrum of Iodine Deficiency Disorders

    Neonate:
    Neonatal Goitre
     Neonatal Hypothyroidism
    Child & Adolescent:
     Juvenile Hypothyroidism
     Impaired Mental Function
     Retarded Physical development
    Spectrum of Iodine Deficiency Disorders

    Adult:

     Goitre with its complication - Grade I, II, III,


    multinodular
     Hypothyroidism
     Impaired Mental Function
     Mental & Physical growth

     Loss of Energy-hypothyroidism

     Learning Disability, Poor Motivation

     Child Development and Child Survival

     Human Resource Development


    Brain Cell Growth

    Iodine Deficiency Iodine Sufficiency

    Iodine Deficiency is the single most


    common cause of preventable mental retardation
    Endemic goitre
     Poor iodine content of soil
     Low content of iodine in food & water
     Prevalent in hilly areas
     Affects females than males
     Enlargement of thyroid gland
     Enlargement occurs because of excessive TSH
    secretion increases
    Cretinism
     Affects infants
     Pregnant – severely depleted iodine – insufficient
    iodine for foetal development
    Symptoms

     Low metabolic rate


     Muscular weakness
     Dry skin, enlarged tongue, thick lips
     Mental retardation
     Squint
     Affects lower limbs – gait
     Dry skin
     Deep hoarse voice
     Skeletal development retardation
     Weak abdominal muscle wall
    Epidemiological assessment if iodine
    deficiency

     Prevalence of goitre
     Prevalence of cretinism
     Urinary iodine secretion
     Measurement of thyroid function, T4, TSH
     Prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism
    Prevention & Control

     NGCP – 1962
     NIDDCP – 1992
     Iodized salt
     Iodized salt
     Surveillance & monitoring
     Manpower planning
     Mass communication

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