Speech Styles

Elijah’s Report
According to Martin Joos (1976:156)

speech style here means the form of
language that the speaker uses which
characterized by the degree of
formality.
Each style dictates what appropriate
language or vocabulary should be
used or observed.
Joos' styles are ranked in terms of the
relationship between the speaker and
listener on a level of formality, from
the most formal to the least formal
style.
Five (5) types of Speech Styles from
most formal to least formal.
1. Frozen
2. Formal
3. Consultative
4. Casual
5. Intimate
a cold form of communication meant to
discourage someone from participating.
 This is the style for declamation and

for print ; the listener or reader is not
allowed to question the speaker (or
writer)
 Its extreme, impersonal style is
clearly planned and marked by social
distance, which may probably be
caused by sociocultural differences
between the speaker and listener.
 This style is more characteristic of
writing than speech, reserved for the
formal occasion when spoken, and
then read.
 The writing reflects the efforts of
revision. It is here that some items
like careful development of thought,
logical planning, attention to stylistic
features, word appropriateness, rules
of usage, and so on come into full
play.
 This style invites the reader to
enter into a personal experience of
creative discovery, such as literary
texts, like poetry, which he may
memorize, replay, and refeel, and to
find more profound values and
meanings with each repetition.
 As the most highly formal style, it
uses the most complex grammatical
sentence structure and vocabulary
known only to experts in a particular
field.
 Used generally in very formal setting.
 Most formal communicative style for
respectful situation
 Does not require any feedback from
the audience
 Usually uses long sentences with good
grammar and vocabulary
 The use of language is fixed and
relatively static
____, do you take ____ to be your wedded
(wife/husband), and in the presence of these
witnesses do you vow that you will do everything
in your power to make your love for (her/him) a
growing part of your life? Will you continue to
strengthen it from day to day and week to week
with your best resources? Will you stand by
(her/him) in sickness or in health, in poverty or
in wealth, and will you shun all others and keep
yourself to (her/him) alone as long as you both
shall live?
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring
the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a
just and humane society, and establish a
Government that shall embody our ideals
and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and
secure to ourselves and our posterity, the
blessings of independence and democracy
under the rule of law and a regime of truth,
justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do
ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
Panatang Makabayan
Iniibig ko ang Pilipinas, aking lupang sinilangan,
Tahanan ng aking lahi, kinukupkop ako at tinutulungang
Maging malakas, masipag at marangal
Dahil mahal ko ang Pilipinas,
Diringgin ko ang payo ng aking magulang,
Susundin ko ang tuntunin ng paaralan,
Tutuparin ko ang mga tungkulin ng isang mamamayang
makabayan,
Naglilingkod, nag-aaral at nagdarasal nang buong
katapatan.
Iaalay ko ang aking buhay, pangarap, pagsisikap
Sa bansang Pilipinas.
Ako ay Pilipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos
Maka-tao
Makakalikasan at
Makabansa.
 This style, whose aim is to inform, is
intended for a captive audience.
an example of this speech style is a

speech in an official setting.
Like the frozen style, this is impersonal

and marked for social distance.
 It requires advance planning and
preparation because the speaker is
"under obligation to provide a plan
for the whole sentence before he
begins uttering it, and a delimitation
of field for his whole discourse
before he embarks on it".
 In writing, this needs careful
editing, so the writer is expected to
have enough time to polish his text.
In speaking, what the speaker says is

something that has been prepared
beforehand.
 Speech style where formal English
is used.
Its usually elaborate complex

sentences and noun phrases are well
structured, logically sequenced, and
strongly coherent.
 it uses formal words and expressions.
The standard of correctness in this

style is high.
It does not allow ellipsis, contractions,

qualifying modal adverbials, and
subjectivity markers.
 Used in speaking to medium to large groups
May also be used in single hearers- strangers, older

persons, professional
Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are

delivered
Avoids using slang terminologies
language is comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon

vocabulary that is well documented; is often of a standard
variety.
 Meetings
 Speeches
 School lessons
Court
 Corporate meeting
 Swearing in ceremony
Sermons of Priests and ministers
 Formal Speeches
 SONA
 This is the normal style for
speaking to strangers or persons
who are neither acquaintances nor
friends or relatives.
 the speaker supplies background
information
 the listener participates continuously
This speech style uses feedback and

listener participation.
 It is more or less the self-imposed
style for communicating with
strangers with whom we feel we
share sociocultural and situational
assumptions or opinions in a general
way.
 It is unplanned speech; it is
"unmarked" or the baseline and
ordinary type of speech in American
English among persons who do not
know each other.
Communication between:
 teachers and students
 employers and employees
 doctors and patients
 judge and lawyer
 president and his/her constituents
This style is used in conversations
between friends and insiders who
have something to share and have
shared background information.
It is marked by various degrees of
implicitness because of intimacy
between speaker and listener.
There is free and easy participation

of both speaker and listener.
a carefree way of communicating,
and one in which those who know
you can easily understand or relate
to.

of both speaker and listener.
 also known as “group language,”
one must be a member to engage in a
register.
Slangs are quite often used in these
instances
This style is used in informal situations
and language
Relationship between speaker and
hearer is closed.
Language used between friends
Often very relaxed and focused on just
getting the information out
casual conversations with friends,
family members
chats
phone calls and messages
It is characterized by an economy
of words, with a high incidence of
significant nonverbal communication,
such as gesture, facial expression, eye
contact, and so on.
of both speaker and listener, and is
far more elliptical than the casual,
informal style.
of both speaker and listener, and is
far more elliptical than the casual,
informal style.

Speech Styles

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Elijah’s Report

According to Martin Joos (1976:156)

 This is the style for declamation and

an example of this speech style is a

Like the frozen style, this is impersonal

In speaking, what the speaker says is

Its usually elaborate complex

The standard of correctness in this

It does not allow ellipsis, contractions,

May also be used in single hearers- strangers, older

Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are

Avoids using slang terminologies

language is comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon

 the listener participates continuously

This speech style uses feedback and

There is free and easy participation

There is free and easy participation

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