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    Subcritical Water Extraction

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    This is a power point presentation on Subcritical Water Extraction. It is a subtopic which comes under the heading Centrifugation in Unit Operations.

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    Subcritical Water Extraction

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    This is a power point presentation on Subcritical Water Extraction. It is a subtopic which comes under the heading Centrifugation in Unit Operations.

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    This is a power point presentation on Subcritical Water Extraction. It is a subtopic which comes under the heading Centrifugation in Unit Operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    321 views14 pages

    Subcritical Water Extraction

    Uploaded by

    Just in 2 Pages
    This is a power point presentation on Subcritical Water Extraction. It is a subtopic which comes under the heading Centrifugation in Unit Operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION METHOD

    SUBMITTED BY :
    1. E HUTHYSINI (16BTFT154)

    2. RIZWAN AHMAD (16BTFT155)


    3. NIKAM KUMARI (16BTFT157)
    4. JULI KUMARI (16BTFT159)
    5. ADITYA RAJ (16BTFT160)
    CONTENTS

    • About Subcritical water extraction


    • Extraction Principle and Operation
    • Instrumentation
    • Phase Diagram
    • Factors Affecting
    • Advantages and Disadvantages
    • Application
    • WHAT IS SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION?

    Subcritical water, also known as pressurized low-polarity water, or pressurized hot


    water extraction (PHWE), utilizes hot water (100–374°C) under pressure
    (1000–6000 kPa) to replace organic solvents.
    Or
    Subcritical water is liquid water under pressure at temperatures above usual boiling point, 100
    °C (212 °F). It is also known as “subcritical water” or “pressurized hot water.” At subcritical
    state, water is maintained in liquid form by apply pressure.
    Therefore, the liquid water is in equilibrium with vapor at the saturated vapor pressure.
    EXTRACTION PRINCIPLE AND OPERATION

    This extraction method uses the new properties of water, at subcritical state which enable the solubilization of
    less polar compounds. The more the temperature increases, the more the polarity decreases.

    Two systems exist:


    1. Static Mode: The raw material is wetted with ambient water. Then, the mixture is subjected to high pressure
    and high temperature followed by cooling with emptying of the liquid phase which contains the interest
    molecules.
    2. Dynamic mode: the raw material is introduced into a pressurized extraction autoclave. Preheated water is
    pumped and percolates through this fixed bed, dissolving and carrying with it interest molecules.
    INSTRUMENTATION
    PHASE DIAGRAM OF WATER AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
    FACTORS AFFECTING SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION

    • Effect of Temperature :
    As the temperature rises, there is a marked and systematic decrease in permittivity, an
    increase in the diffusion rate and a decrease in the viscosity and surface tension.
    The maximum permitted extraction temperature must be obtained experimentally for
    different plant material.
    • Effect of Particle Size :
    Regarding the larger size particles, the efficiency is substantially lowers.
    • Effect of flow rate :
    Increase in flow rate resulted in increase in superficial velocity, and thus, quicker mass
    transfer.
    The best flow rate must be selected considering two important factors, including the
    extraction time and the final extract concentration.
    EFFECT OF FLOW RATE ON THE EFFICIENCY
    ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
    ADVANTAGES
    • Environmentally friendly
    • More effective (7.6 times) than any other methods
    • This process is 3-4 times faster
    • Does not require any expensive and toxic organic solvents
    • High yield of oil extraction
    DISADVANTAGES
    • Thermal degradation of some thermolabile analytes at elevated temperatures.
    • There is also risk that water can become very reactive at high temperature and pressure
    and thus, could oxidize or catalyse the hydrolysis of some compounds.
    APPLICATION

    • Subcritical water Extraction can be compared to an aqueous-alcoholic extraction or an


    acetone/water extraction.

    Examples of applications:
    • Insoluble fibers Extraction (e.g. hemicellulose, lignin)
    • Antioxidant molecules (e.g. polyphenols)
    • Proteins Extraction
    THANK YOU

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