Try To Hold A Book or Something Heavy

Try to hold a book or something heavy……
Do you even wonder how are we able to do

that?
Stand Up…..
Do what is on the picture…..
Think about all the reasons how are we
able to this…..
SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM
► The skeletal system is the body system

composed of bones, cartilages, ligaments and
other tissues that perform essential functions
for the human body.
► Bones of the human body is composed of 206

bones.
Functions of the
Skeletal System
1. Movement
2. Support
Functions of the
Skeletal System
3. Protection
4. Makes Blood
Functions of the
Skeletal System
5. Storage
Parts of the Skeletal System
 Bones (skeleton)
 Joints
 Cartilages
 Ligaments (bone to
bone)(tendon=bone
to muscle)
► Connects bone to
What is a bone.
Ligament?
What is a Tendon?
► Attaches muscles
to bones.
two divisions:
► Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull,

spine, ribs and sternum.
► Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton

includes the appendages of the body, which are the
shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.
Two basic types of bone tissue:
1. Compact bone
• Homogeneous
2. Spongy bone
 Small needle-like
pieces of bone
 Many open spaces
Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape
Structure of Bone
► Typical Four Layers:

 Periosteum
 Compact Bone
 Spongy Bone
 Bone Marrow
 Bones are complex
Structure of Bone living structures that
undergo growth and
development.
 A thin tough outer
membrane covers
the bone.
 Beneath the outer
membrane is a layer
of compact bone
(hard and dense,
but not solid – it is
filled with holes and
has small canals for
blood vessels and
nerves).
 Inside the compact
Structure of Bone bone is a layer of
spongy bone.
 It has many small
spaces, is light
weight, but strong.
 Spongy bone is
also found at the
ends of bones.
Structure of
Bone  In the spaces of many
bones there is a soft
connective tissue
called marrow.
 Two types of Marrow:
►Red
►Yellow
How Strong are  The structure of
Bones? bones make it
both strong and
light weight.
 20 % of an adults
body weight is
bone.
 Bone is made up
of 2 minerals:
►Calcium
►Phosphorus
Types of Bone Cells
► Osteocytes
► Osteoblasts
► Osteoclasts
Bone remodeling is a process by both

osteoblasts and osteoclasts
 As an infant, most of your
How Do Bones skeleton is cartilage.
Develop?  Cartilage is a strong
flexible tissue.
 Over time the cartilage is

replaced by solid bone,
usually complete by the
time you stop growing.
 Not all cartilage is

replaced in adults. Many
joints contain cartilage,
protecting the ends of
bones (ears and the end
of the nose is also
cartilage).
• A joint is a place
What are Joints? where two bones
come together.
• Joints allow the

bones to move in
different ways.
• Two types of joints:

• Immovable
• Movable
What are Immovable
Joints?
• A joint that allows

little or no movement
• Most of the joint are
movable joints.
• Allow the body to move
in a wide range of
What are Movable movements.
Joints? • Bones in movable
joints are held together
by strong connective
tissue called
ligaments.
Four types of movable joints:
•Hinge
•Ball-and-socket
•Pivot
•Gliding
► Movement in one
What is a Hinge direction like a door.

Joint?  Ex. Knee and
Elbow
► Allows forward or
backward motion.
► Round end of bone
fitting snuggly within
What is a Ball-and- another bone.
Socket Joint?  Ex. Shoulder and
Hip
► Allows the greatest
range of motion.
 The ball-and-socket
joint allows you to
swing your arm
freely in a circle.
► Bone resting atop
another bone permitting
What is a Pivot free movement.
Joint?  Ex. Neck, Wrist and
Ankles
► Allows one bone to
rotate around another.
 Allows you to turn your
head
► Allows one bone to
What is a Gliding slide over another.
Joint?  Ex. Knuckles,
wrist, ankle
► Allows your to bend
and flex as well as
make limited side to
side motions.
SKELETON ORGANIZATION
Clavicle or Collarbone
► The clavicle, or collar

bone, holds the
shoulder joint away
from the rest of the
upper body and is only
as thick as your little
finger.
Scapula
► The scapula is located

on the back side of the
ribcage and helps
provide part of the
shoulder joint and
movement for the
arms.
Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord
1) The cervical region (neck

bones)
2) The thorasic region (what the

ribs attach to)
3) The lumbar region (the lower

part of the back)
Coccyx and Sacrum
Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
Radius and Ulna
► Radius on Top
► Ulna on Bottom
Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
Phalanges (Little Fingers)
Rib Cage
Sternum (Breastbone)
Pelvis
Femur
(Largest Bone in the Body)
The Tibia and Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Try To Hold A Book or Something Heavy

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Try To Hold A Book or Something Heavy

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Try to hold a book or something heavy……

Do you even wonder how are we able to do

► The skeletal system is the body system

► Bones of the human body is composed of 206

► Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull,

► Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton

► Typical Four Layers:

Bone remodeling is a process by both

 Over time the cartilage is

 Not all cartilage is

• Joints allow the

• Two types of joints:

• A joint that allows

What is a Hinge direction like a door.

► The clavicle, or collar

► The scapula is located

1) The cervical region (neck

2) The thorasic region (what the

3) The lumbar region (the lower

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