RESCUE

AND
FIRE FIGHTING
1

SERVICES
CATC Allahabad
RESCUE
2
& FIRE SERVICES
Objectives:
On successful completion of the subject the trainee will able to :-
* Define fire, its principle of extinction and fire fighting equipments.
* Aircraft fire hazards and Air crashes.
* Airport emergency Planning.
* Natural/National Disaster Mitigation Plan-Role of ATC.
* Airport Categorization.
* Airport Fire Service.

CATC Allahabad
3
CHAPTER - 1

CHEMISTRY OF FIRE,
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
AND
EQUIPMENTS

CATC Allahabad
4

FIRE :
Fire is a chemical reaction
involving rapid oxidation of
combustible substance
accompanied by release of
energy in the form of heat and
light.

CATC Allahabad
 5
CHAIN OF FIRE:
It is proved that three things viz.
Fuel (Combustible substance),
Heat and
Oxygen
are necessary for combustion to take
place. The Chain of fire would form only
when all three elements join together.
CATC Allahabad
6
1. FUEL

Basically everything on earth is combustible except

water. While some materials burn readily & are
called combustible, others need specific condition
and burn at very high temperature. Such materials
are known as non-combustible.

2 .HEAT
An important aspect in the process of combustion is
heating. It may be direct heating or indirect heating.
Direct heating is caused by flames brought in contact
with the material whereas indirect heating is caused
by a media being buffer between flames or source of
heat and substance.
CATC Allahabad
1. THE TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
7
Heat travels from one place to another, from higher temperature zone
to lower temperature zone, either by conduction, convection or
radiation

Conduction: The heat passes through a good conductor of heat

from one particle to another particle within the body. This process is
known as Conduction. The flow of heat is from the part of the body at a
higher temperature to its part at a lower temperature.

Convection: Currents circulating in liquids and gases due to density

differences as a result of heating are known as Convection - currents

Radiation: This process of transfer of heat may be regarded as

propagation of rays of heat travelling through space without heating
anything during their transmission,
CATC Allahabad
 1. THE TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
8

CATC Allahabad
 FLASH
9 POINT:
“The minimum temperature” at which combustible
substance gives out sufficient ignitable vapours to give a
flash on application of flame.

FIRE POINT

It is defined as the lowest temperature at which the

heat from the combustion of a burning vapour is
capable of producing sufficient vapour to enable
combustion to continue.

CATC Allahabad
IGNITION TEMPERATURE:
10

The minimum temperature at which any substance will

sustain fire on application of external flame is known
as ignition temperature.

CATC Allahabad
 11
SPONTANEOUS IGNITION TEMPERATURE :
.
The minimum temperature at which any
substance will burn at its own without
application of external flame is known as
``spontaneous ignition temperature.''

CATC Allahabad
 SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
12
The chemical structure of some materials is especially
prone to oxidation, especially the presence of
unsaturated bonds. Where such a condition is found
in carbonadoes materials the tendency to absorb
oxygen is more marked; the absorption of oxygen and
the liberation of heat is intensified and the ignition
temperature lowered. It is always possible for a
combination of circumstances to lower the ignition
temperature (or temperature at which self-heating
starts) to normal air temperature, and then the
materials exhibits spontaneous combustion.

CATC Allahabad
AIR / OXYGEN
13
Air is made up of different elements,
viz:
Nitrogen - 78.11%
Oxygen - 20.93%
Co2 - 0.03%
Other gases - 0.93%
It has been observed that it is oxygen, which
actually takes part in combustion process.
Nitrogen and other gases do not take part in
this process. That is how the process of fire is
known as ‘Rapid-Oxidation’.
CATC Allahabad
DENSITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND VAPOUR DENSITY
14
a) While Density of a substance is expressed as its weight per unit
volume, the Specific Gravity of a substance is the ratio of the
density of the substance to the density of water.

b) Vapour Density, on the other hand, is the ratio of the weight

of a given volume of gas or vapour to the equal volume of
Hydrogen under same conditions of temperature and pressure.

C) Importance of Specific Gravity to the Firemen.

d) Effect of heat on density of gases.

e) Effect of density on behaviour of gases.

CATC Allahabad
PRINCIPLE
15 OF EXTINCTION:

From the "Chain of Fire" it is clear that if any one of

the elements is kept away, there may not be any fire.
The methods for achieving this are known as
principles of fire extinction.

 Cooling
 Blanketing or Smothering
 Starvation
CATC Allahabad
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE:
16
1. Fires on different substances behave differently,
depending on their physical and chemical
properties.
2. To put out fire, only one of the three principles
would be sufficient.
3. Substances possessing properties of fire
extinction, do not suit to all fires alike. These may
be either totally ineffective on some fires or may
substantially damage the substance.
It is therefore necessary to make a broad
classification of combustible materials which
show identical `Fire Behaviour' and can be
CATC Allahabad
tackled by `Identical Extinguishing Media.''
 TYPES OF FIRE:
17
1)Class `A' Fires ( Solid ) extinguishing media WATER These
fires are best extinguished by `COOLING
2)Class `B' Fires ( Liquid ) Most suitable media for these
fires are Foam, Dry Chemical Powder and Halon. These act on
principle of ``Blanketing
 Class ‘C' Fires ( Gaseous) Fires on these substances can
be quickly ignited, and there is no specific extinguishing
media
 Class `D' Fires ( Metallic ) These metals take considerable
time to ignite and once ignited, release large amount of
heat. Only extinguishing media for them is Dry Chemical
Powder, which acts on principles of blanketing.
 Class `E' Fires ( Electrical) The media used to put out
these fires should be such that it does not allow current to
pass through it and endanger the fireman. Suitable Medias
for these fires are Halon, CO2, Dry Powder.
CATC Allahabad
 18
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA :
Any substance, which would be useful to put out
fire, is known as extinguishing medium.

1. Water.
2. Foam.
3. Dry powder.
4. Carbon dioxide.
5. Halons.
6. Inert gases.
CATC Allahabad
19

CATC Allahabad
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS:
20
 FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 Water CO2 Extinguisher.
 Foam extinguisher.
 CO2 extinguisher.
 Dry Chemical Powder Extinguisher
MAJOR FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
 Water Tender.
 Foam Tender.
 CO2 Tender.
 D.C.P. Tender.
 Rescue Tender.
 Crash Fire Tender
CATC Allahabad
21

CATC Allahabad
22

CATC Allahabad
23

CATC Allahabad
24

CHAPTER - 2

AIRPORT EMERGENCY
PLANNING

CATC Allahabad
AIRCRAFT
25
FIRE HAZARDS:

Sources:
Fuel (gasoline, hydraulic & lubricating.)
Metallic body (Aluminium, Magnesium, Titanium,
Steel & Copper)
Rubber & Foam
Paint and varnish
Upholstery
Oxygen
CATC Allahabad
 26
CAUSES OF FIRE

Engine (Heat source).

Electric circuit (Sparking & Overheating).

Static Electricity (Sparking & overheating).

Accident (Rupture of fuel tanks & friction).

CATC Allahabad
 27
SPECIAL FEATURES OF AIRCRAFT
AND ASSOCIATE FIRES
Close proximity of source of heat and fire
hazards.
Close proximity of human being to fire hazards
and source.
Fire propagation of high intensity.
Impact injuries thereby increasing fire risk and
rescue work.
Large area of operation of Aviation Industry.
No possibility of Fire Fighting when Airborne.
CATC Allahabad
 28
FIRE HAZARDS IN AIR FIELD INSTALLATION

Aircraft hangars.
Oil Depot.
POL Stores.
Electrical Installation.
Air-conditioning plant room.
Underground car parks, elevators, generators,
Cable ducts.
Restaurant kitchen.
Many other light and medium hazard
occupancies.
CATC Allahabad
 ANALYSIS
29
OF AIR CRASHES

42% occur on runway.

90% occur in the near vicinity of Airfield and are
termed as ‘Survivable Crashes’.
10% have been reported occurring beyond 4 kms.
from Airfield, termed as ‘Non survivable crashes’.
80% develop fire after impact.
Out of all survivable crashes, 55% of casualties can
be rescued by safety services.
The death rate in survivable crashes can be lowered
by 90% by timely intervention of fire services.
CATC Allahabad
 SURVIVABLE CRASH AND THEIR
30 ANALYSIS
1 The intensity of heat involved external fires shall
cross the human tolerance limit inside the aircraft in
two minutes time
.
2 The toxic effects of various products in cabin fires
shall reach their lethal concentration in one
minute 40 seconds.

3.The atmosphere inside the cabin shall become

oxygen deficient in less than 3 minutes time.

4.Optical density shall exceed 10 in 3 to 4 minutes.

CATC Allahabad
31
MAXIMUM SURVIVABLE TIME (MST)
Based on above facts, it was determined that
maximum survivable time in the air crash due to
fire shall be near to 138 seconds, if no
reconnaissance is provided.
LOW SPEED CRASH
Air crash that takes place at the time of
landing and take-off are termed as ‘low
speed crashes'

CATC Allahabad
32
CHAPTER – 3

AIRPORT EMERGENCY
PLANNING
PROCEDURE

CATC Allahabad
 33 EMERGENCY PLANNING
PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY.....
 Orderly & efficient transition from normal to
emergency situation.
 Assignment of emergency personnel and
equipment.
 No action is duplicated or contradicted.
 Situation is controlled by single command for each
activity.

CATC Allahabad
34 EMERGENCY PLANNING
PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY

 Activities are well co-ordinated and streamlined.

 Responsibility is clearly spelt out for each one of
them.
 Authorization by key personnel for actions
contained in plan.
 Designation of communication priorities at
accident site.

CATC Allahabad
 35
PROCEDURES TO DEAL WITH EMERGENCY

Before emergency – Pre-planning

During emergency – Execution of plan

After emergency – Transition of authority,

Responsibility and
Documentation

CATC Allahabad
AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT
36

Aircraft accidents, with or without fire, which have

occurred on or in the vicinity of the aerodrome .

AIRCRAFT GROUND INCIDENT

When an aircraft on the ground suffers an engine
fire, undercarriage trouble, burst tyres, collision with
another aircraft, vehicle or structure which could
result in a serious situation.
CATC Allahabad
FULL
37
EMERGENCY
Aircraft in flight known or suspected to be in
difficulty which may result in a forced landing or
accident on or in the vicinity of the aerodrome.

LOCAL STANDBY
 To be instituted when an aircraft approaching the
airport is known or suspected to have developed
some defect but the trouble is not such as would
normally involve any serious difficulty in effecting
a safe landing..
CATC Allahabad
38
WARNING OF EXPLOSIVE DEVICE
ABOARD AIRCRAFT
To be instituted when information is
received indicating that an explosive
device has been placed aboard an aircraft.

CATC Allahabad
 39
HI-JACKERS THREAT UNDER UNLAWFUL
INTERFERENCE

To be instituted when information

is received indicating that an
aircraft on the aerodrome or
about the land on the aerodrome
has hijacker on aboard.

CATC Allahabad
 WEATHER
40 STANDBY

 This standby is initiated when any aircraft landing

during bad weather condition or poor visibility
condition. Bad weather will indicate high speed wind,
thunderstorm, heavy rain etc. while poor visibility will
be considered when visibility 2500 metres or below.

Special Service Calls & Fires

 Such fires in airfield installation, road accidents, lift traps, flooding and rescue from
buildings come under this category.

CATC Allahabad
ORGANISATIONS
41
INVOLVED IN DEALING
WITH AIRCRAFT EMERGENCIES

Internal agencies:
Air Traffic Services.
Airport Fire Service.
Aircraft Operators.
Airport security police.
Motor transport unit.
Airport medical services.
CATC Allahabad
EXTERNAL
42 AGENCIES/
PUBLIC PROTECTIVE AGENCIES

City Fire Brigade.

Police.
Ambulance brigade.
Hospital & health services.
Transport Authority. (Road, Rail, Sea).
Army, Navy, Coast guard, Air force.
All other participating agencies.

CATC Allahabad
 43
‘FULL EMERGENCY’ PROCEDURES...
Action by the Air Traffic Control Officer:

Operate Fire Station Alarm.

Call the rescue and fire fighting to standby at the

predetermined standby positions applicable to the
runway to be used and give all essential details.

CATC Allahabad
44
FULL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES...

These details should include:

 type of aircraft;
 fuel on board;
 number of occupants, including special
occupants handicapped, immobilized,
blind, deaf;
 nature of trouble;
 runway to be used;
 estimated time of landing;
 any dangerous goods on board,
including quantity and location, if known.

CATC Allahabad
 45
FULL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Initiate the calling of the natural aid

fire department's) and other
appropriate organizations in
accordance with the procedure laid
down in the airport emergency plan,
giving where necessary rendezvous
point and airport entrance to be used.

CATC Allahabad
 46
POST ACCIDENT ACTION...
Collection area:
This area is used for collecting the casualties,
which extend, up to 150' from crashed aircraft in
the upwind direction. No other person or vehicle
should be permitted to enter this area except Fire
Service vehicles.
This is also known as 'Danger Zone' due to
susceptibility of burn back.

CATC Allahabad
POST ACCIDENT ACTION...
47

Triage area:
This area extends further 150' in the upwind
direction and is used for casualty identification.
The process of casualty identification in different
categories of seriousness is known as ‘Triage’.
 In this process casualties are segregated into the
following groups and an identification mark with a
tag is given to each of them.

CATC Allahabad
SI. No. Casualty Colour Tag
48

Priority 1 Serious Red

Priority 2 Less injured Yellow

Priority 3 Minor Green

Priority 4 Dead Black

CATC Allahabad
 POST
49
ACCIDENT ACTION...

Command Post:
 Fire service shall also establish a 'Command post',
located at the end of 'Triage area' in upwind
direction. Officers in charge of various units shall
assemble at this point. Mainly three Chiefs should
be identifiable at this post.
Fire Chief; Medical Chief; Police Chief.

Other Officers who may be required to be present

are:-Senior Airport Manager, Airline Officer, Duty
Communication Officer.
CATC Allahabad
 50
POST ACCIDENT ACTION

Transportation area:
Casualties shall be transported to various hospitals.
The luggage shall also be released at the command post.
The area outside Triage Area is called Transportation Area.

CATC Allahabad
Cambay Grid Map
51

CATC Allahabad
 CHAPTER – 4
52

Natural/ National Disaster

Mitigation Plan-Role of ATC

CATC Allahabad
53

DEFINITION:
“An occurrence arising with little or no
warning which causes or threatens
serious disruption of life and perhaps
causes death or injury to large
number of people, and therefore
requires a mobilization of efforts in
excess of that normally provided by
the statutory emergency service”.

CATC Allahabad
54

The functioning of airport may be

affected by earthquakes, tsunamis,
volcanic eruptions, landslides,
cyclones, floods and NBC attack
instantly whereas the impact of other
disasters may be gradual and slow.

CATC Allahabad
 55
ACTION BY ATC DURING NATURAL/
NATIONAL DISASTER AFFECTING THE
AIRPORT...
Inform FIC
Inform Fire Station
Inform City/District/State disaster command
center
Declare the airport closure with tentative timings
for resumption of operation.

CATC Allahabad
 56
ACTION BY ATC DURING NATURAL/
NATIONAL DISASTER AFFECTING THE
AIRPORT

Inform Navy/ Port-Authority/ Army/ IAF/ Atomic

Energy Department for necessary assistance, as
the case may be.
Remain in contact with all above agencies till
restoration of services.
Inform HoDs so as to resort for service and
rescue work within their premises and leave the
area to a safer place.
CATC Allahabad
 57
ACTION BY ATC DURING THE DISASTER
AFFECTING THE CITY BUT AIRPORT
REMAINING SAFE.
Inform FIC
Inform Fire Service for standby
Inform city/district/state disaster command
centre
Airport shall remain open round the clock for
receiving aids and for dispatching injured
causalities etc.
CATC Allahabad
 58
ACTION BY ATC DURING THE DISASTER
AFFECTING THE CITY AND THE AIRPORT

 Establish contact to FIC, District / City / Command

centre and inform the impact of disaster(s).
 Declare airport closed.
 Establish alternative communication channel for
subsequent instructions / communication till
restoration of services.
 Inform Navy / Port-Authority/ Army / IAF /Atomic
Energy Department for necessary assistance.
CATC Allahabad
 59 STANDARD FIRE WARNING DRILL
FOR AIRPORT TERMINAL
BUILDING.
Objective:
To evacuate occupants of building with in least
possible time (two and half minutes) and with
safety.
 To make best possible use of means of escape.
 To avoid panic.

CATC Allahabad
 60
AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING

The Airport terminal building may have three major

compartments:-

Technical Block
Administrative Block
Passenger Lounge.

CATC Allahabad
61
GENERAL FIRE HAZARDS

 LPG / Oils in restaurants / POL depots /

Stores.
 Cloth/ Paper in Office, furnishing shops
etc.
 Plastic in furnishings shops etc.
 Electric Wiring
 High voltage equipment
 High temperature / pressure equipment.

CATC Allahabad
 62
NEED FOR FIRE WARNING DRILL
In most of the incidents it is observed that due to
improper escape routes, panic grips the public
resulting in more loss of life and property.
It is therefore suggested that a local drill for
Airfield Terminal Buildings / Technical Buildings
may be made and notified to all concerned.
 Such drills should be practiced once in six
months at regular intervals.
Officer In-charge of the station should see that
the drills are carried out regularly.
CATC Allahabad
63

CHAPTER – 5
AIRPORT
CATEGORISATION

CATC Allahabad
 64
AIRPORT REQUIRED CATEGORY
The level of protection to be provided at an airport
should be based on the dimensions of the
aeroplanes using the airport.

AVAILABLE CATEGORY
Extinguishing media type amount & supply
Critical area of the aircraft
Discharge rate of the vehicle
Number of vehicles
Number of crew members
CATC Allahabad
Airport Aeroplane over-all Maximum
category length fuselage width
65
1 0 up to but not including 9 m 2m
2 9 m up to but not including 12 m 2m
3 12 m up to but not including 18 m 3m
4 18 m up to but not including 24 m 4m
5 24 m up to but not including 28 m 4m
6 28 m up to but not including 39 m 5m
7 39 m up to but not including 49 m 5m
8 49 m up to but not including 61 m 7m
9 61 m up to but not including 76 m 7m
10 76 m up to but not including 90m
CATC Allahabad
8m
 66
TYPES OF EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Both principal and complementary agents should

normally be provided at an airport.
Principal agents produce a permanent control i.e.
For a period of several minutes or longer.
Complementary agents have rapid fire
suppression capability but offer a transient control
which is usually only available during application.

CATC Allahabad
 67 THE PRINCIPAL EXTINGUISHING
AGENT SHOULD BE:

a foam meeting the minimum performance

level A; or

a foam meeting the minimum performance

level B; or

a combination of these agents.

CATC Allahabad
 68
AMOUNTS OF EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

For airport categories 1 and 2, up to 100 per cent of

the water may be replaced by a complementary
agent ; or

For airport categories 3 to 10, when a foam

meeting performance level A is used, up to 30 per
cent of the water may be replaced by a
complementary agent.
CATC Allahabad
 69 THE COMPLEMENTARY
EXTINGUISHING AGENT SHOULD
BE:
 CO2; or

 Dry Chemical Powders; or

 Halogenated hydrocarbons (halons) ; or

 A combination of these agents.

CATC Allahabad
 Minimum usable amounts of extinguishing agents

Foam meeting performance Foam meeting Complementary agents

70
level A performance
level B
Airport Water Discharge Water Discharge Dry Halons CO2
Cat. (Ltrs.) rate (Ltrs.) rate chemical (kg) or (kg)
foam foam powders
solution/ solution/ (kg) or
minute minute
(Ltrs.) (Ltrs.)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

1 350 350 230 230 45 45 90

2 1,000 800 670 550 90 90 180
3 1,800 1,300 1,200 900 135 135 270
4 3,600 2,600 2,400 1,800 135 135 270
5 8,100 4,500 5,400 3,000 180 180 360
6 11,800 6,000 7,900 4,000 225 225 450
7 18,200 7,900 12,100 5,300 225 225 450
8 27,300 10,800 18,200 7,200 450 450 900
9 36,400 13,500 24,300 9,000 450 450 900
10 48,200 16,600
CATC Allahabad 32,300 11,200 450 450 900
71
CONTROL TIME

Control time is the time required

to reduce the initial intensity of
the fire by 90 per cent.

CATC Allahabad
 72
CRITICAL AREA

The area surrounding the aircraft from where fire

is likely to endanger the integrity of fuselage.
This area varies proportionately according to
length and width of aircraft, wind and speed
direction at site.
The practical critical area has been found to be
approximately 2/3 of the theoretical critical area.

CATC Allahabad
RESPONSE
73 TIME

Response time is considered to be the

time between the initial call to the
rescue and fire fighting service and
the time when the first responding
vehicle(s) is (are) in position to apply
foam at a rate of at least 50 per cent
of the discharge rate specified in
Table 2.2.

CATC Allahabad
74 COMMUNICATION AND
ALERTING SYSTEMS
Hot line between Tower and Fire
Station.
Walkie-talkie link with Tower and
Crash Fire Tender.
VHF link with Tower and Crash Fire
Tender
Telephone system
Mobile Telephone system
CATC Allahabad
 Number of vehicles
Category
75 Number of CFTs Ambulance
1 1 1
2 1 1
3 1 1
4 1 1
5 2 1
6 3 2
7 3 2
8 4 2
9 4 3
CATC Allahabad

10 4 3
76

CHAPTER – 5
AIRPORT FIRE SERVICE

CATC Allahabad
 77
AIM & OBJECTIVE OF AFS
The principal objective of a Rescue and Fire
Fighting Service is to save lives in the event of an
aircraft accident or aerodrome incident. This is
fulfilled by :

 Providing Fire Safety cover to Aircraft.

 Providing Fire Safety cover to Aerodrome
installations.
 Providing Rescue & First Aid Service.
 Providing fire prevention service at airport.
 Providing assistance during other service calls.
CATC Allahabad
 78

ROLE OF DUTY AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

Control:
ATC has to maintain control over various
activities to ensure smooth and uninterrupted
operation of safety services during emergency.

Assistance:
At the time of emergency ATC may have to
mobilize additional resources as per the demand
of the Officer In-charge, Fire Service or Police
service.
CATC Allahabad
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
79
AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

 To check all communication facilities linking ATC

with Fire Station,
 To receive duty report with respect to the crew
and equipment and identify the level of
protection.
 To inform Fire Station time to time about all
aircraft movements giving details of ETA, ETD,
Runway in use, Flight number, Type of a/c
owners name weather parameters.
CATC Allahabad
Cont…
80
To receive information on safety services
activities, with respect to equipment, men and the
operational area in use, and the purpose of
activity.

To co-operate, co-ordinate and to take part in all

operational activity of safety services, like fire
drills, exercises etc.

To monitor the movement of CFTs and its impact

on the level of protection.
CATC Allahabad
Cont…
81
To provide assistance & information as
per the demand of safety services at the
time of emergency.

To follow activities as per laid down

procedure under different type of
emergencies.

CATC Allahabad
 DUTIES
82 AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN
ATCO AS A STATION FIRE OFFICER
 To ensure orderly and smooth functioning of fire
station.
 To supervise safety services in all activities.
 To visit Fire Station every day to witness
serviceability/availability of equipment and
manpower
 To mobilize resources for prompt remedial
measures.
 To communicate effectively upwards and
downwards.
CATC Allahabad
Cont…
83

 To maintain record of men and equipment.

 To take part in drills and practices.
 To motivate staff.
 To maintain discipline.
 To maintain co-ordination with outside assisting agencies.
 To help assist operational/station in-charge, frame local emergency
procedure in co-ordination with the senior most fire service member.

CATC Allahabad
 84
FIRE DRILLS

Different types of fire drills are

conducted at airport.
The hot fire drill is conducted monthly,
turnout practice drill is conducted
weekly and target hit practices drill is
similar to turnout practice.

CATC Allahabad
85 FIRE DRILLS

As per the duty and responsibility as duty

officer aerodrome control tower should
following action in each type of drill;
a. Exact location of simulated crash/
accident with grid reference should be
communicated to the fire station control
room by fastest communication media.
b. Immediately press crash bell and siren
on.

CATC Allahabad
86 FIRE DRILLS

c. Note down the important timings like

message given, turn out of safety
vehicles from fire station and the
report of vehicle from site. The first jet
apply on fire and fire is controlled,
safety vehicle return to fire station.
d. Maintain a close liaison with ground
in-charge and crash fire tenders at all
the times, about any assistance.
CATC Allahabad
 87 FIRE DRILLS

e. Watch the movement of other vehicles on

runway and operational area.
f. Take the report from fire station after completion
of drill.

CATC Allahabad
88 CRASH FIRE TENDER

Any Fire Tender, designed to meet specific

requirement of fighting Aircraft Fire is
known as Crash Fire Tender.

CATC Allahabad
 89
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A CRASH
FIRE TENDER
 Should be capable achieving high acceleration and speed.
 Should be capable of carrying large amount of extinguishing media and discharging
some on Fire from safe distance within very short time.
 Should be capable of traversing off road terrains in optimum bad weather
conditions.
 Should be capable of carrying crew and other rescue tools.

CATC Allahabad
 Cont….
90

 Should be all wheel drive.

 Monitor fitted in CFT should be able to throw the media at a distant longer than
lengthiest aircraft using the airfield.
 Should be capable of Fire Fighting Fires while in motion.
 Should be capable of discharging entire quantity of media in 2 to 3 minutes
time.

CATC Allahabad
91 RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT

Dangerous toxic gases like CO, HCl, CO2 etc.

may be produced by burning of cabin material.
Fire-Fights required to enter a smoke filled cabin
will need respiratory equipment of an approved
design for the anticipated environment.

CATC Allahabad
PERSONNEL
92

The personnel recruited for Rescue & Fire Fighting

Service should be well trained and fully qualified.
Besides the work of rescue and fire fighting they
should know about the positioning the vehicles,
topography of airport and familiarization with
aircraft including the care of equipments.

The total number of personnel required to deploy

and operate the Rescue and Fire Fighting Service
should be determined as per the laid down criteria.
CATC Allahabad
 CONTINUED….
93
AFS is uniformed service and is usually governed
by Fire Service Conduct Code in addition to Civil
Service Code.
 Each member of the team is called crew. Each fire
tender is considered as one unit and manning level
on each one of them depends on type of tender.

CATC Allahabad
 94
TRAINING OF FIRE PERSONNEL
Fire extinction
Knowledge, Care of equipments & extinguishing
media
Local topography
Familiarization of Aircraft
Medical first aids
Search & Rescue
Positioning of equipments
CATC Allahabad
 95
FEATURES OF FIRE STATION BUILDING

 Its location shall have direct access to runway/apron without many turns &
obstructions.
 Fire station shall be located in the middle/near middle point of the runway.
 Two fire stations may be recommended to meet the response time.
 Fire station building shall be at a distance of not less than 500' from active
runway edge.

 Response trials of CFTs are also recommended to select the optimum location

CATC Allahabad
 Cont…
96
The fire station building shall be constructed on
Apron side
The building shall not pose any visual obstruction to
ATC
The location shall provide unobstructed vision of
complete manoeuvring area to watch tower of Fire
station.
Fire-station should be connected with proper
approach roads, connecting to Runway, Apron and
both approaches
CATC Allahabad
 97 WATCH TOWER AND OTHER
PROVISIONS IN FIRE STATION

There shall be at 2nd floor level and the height of

W/T shall not exceed 45', with a clear cut visibility for
complete manoeuvring area.
There shall be provision for control room, crew
room, pantry, store room, toilets and bathroom,
repair shop in ground floor of fire station and office,
Officers room and com. equipment room in 1st floor.

CATC Allahabad
WATER
98 SUPPLY

There shall be adequate water supply arranged at

fire station so as to refill the CFTs in case of
emergency.
The total quantity of water shall be distributed in
static underground and over head tanks and shall
not be less then 4 to 6 times the capacity of CFTs
available at this station.

CATC Allahabad
 99
Quantity of water

Category Nos. of Min. Cap. of Min. Cap. of

CFTs over-head tank static tank

1 to 4 1 15000 L 25000 L

5 to 6 2 30000 L 50000 L

7 to 10 4 50000 L 100000 L
CATC Allahabad
 10
FIRE PIT
0

There should be at least one fire pit at each station,

for carrying out monthly hot fire drills.
Proper drainage arrangement shall be provided in
the pit by raising the level of pit by 6" above ground.
Location of pit shall be at the farthest and remotest
point within airfield boundary.
No pit should be constructed on approach path and
within 75 feet of runway edge.
Location of fire pit shall be marked by Directorate of
ATM and Planning at planning stage.
CATC Allahabad
10 THANK YOU
1

CATC Allahabad