Plant Transport Systems & Photosynthesis: Biology

Biology
Plant Transport Systems

& Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Learning Intentions
1. What is Photosynthesis?
2. Leaf structure and function
3. What are the plant transport systems?
4. How many stages are there in
photosynthesis?
5. What happens in each stage of
photosynthesis?
6. How can photosynthesis be measured?
7. What are the factors that can limit
photosynthesis?
1. What is Photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a series of enzyme controlled
reactions which allow green plants to make their
own food
Photosynthesis changes light energy from the

sun into chemical energy in the form of ATP
The word equation for photosynthesis is:-
LightEnergy
Photosynthesis video
Stand and Deliver
2.1 Leaf Structure Waxy Cuticle
Upper Epidermis
Vein (Xylem & Phloem)
Palisade Mesophyll
Spongy Mesophyy
Air space
Stoma
Guard Cells
2.2 Leaf Structure and Function
Leaf Part Function
Waxy Cuticle Waterproof outer layer
Epidermis Protective outer layer
Xylem Transports Water
Phloem Transports Glucose (Sugar)
Palisade Mesophyll Contain lots of chloroplasts for

photosynthesis
Spongy Mesophyll Loosely arranged for gas exchange
Moist air space Moist to allow gases to dissolve
Stoma Allows Carbon Dioxide in and

Oxygen out of leaf
Guard Cells Open and close stomata
3.1 Plant Transport Systems (WATER)
Transport of Water
Transpiration is when water
moves from the roots up to
the leaves of a plant
Water is needed by the plant

for photosynthesis
Water moves from a region

of high water concentration
(in the soil) to a region of
lower water concentration (in
the root hairs) by osmosis
Water travels up the stem

of a plant in non-living xylem
vessels to the leaves
Xylem Vessels are hollow and
are made of rings of lignin
Practical: Tomato Sauce and
Celery
3.2 Plant Transport Systems (GLUCOSE)
Transport of Glucose (Sugar)

Glucose is made in the leaves by
Photosynthesis
Glucose can travel from the

Leaves to all other parts of the
plant in Phloem.
Phloem vessels are living cells

made of sieve tubes and
companion cells
3.3 Plant Transport Systems
Root Diagram of
Xylem and Phloem
Stem Diagram
of Xylem and Phloem
Plant Transport Video Clip (2:59)

3.4 Plant Transport Systems (Gas Exchange)
(Turgid) (Flaccid)
Practical: See Stomata Photosynthesis Animation

3.5 Gas exchange in leaf
Cuticle
Upper
Epidermis
Palisade
Xylem
Mesophyll
Vascular
Bundle
Phloem
Spongy
Mesophyll
Lower
Epidermis
Stoma
Guard Cells
Carbon Dioxide gas enters

Oxygen gas leaves the leaf
4. Stages of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in a grana
chloroplast of a leaf
Stage 1 – Photolysis
Occurs in the grana
of a Chloroplast
Stage 2 – Carbon Fixation

stroma
Occurs in the stroma
of a Chloroplast A Chloroplast
5.1 Stage 1 - Photolysis
PHOTOLYSIS
Photolysis is the first stage of Photosynthesis
Light Energy from the sun is trapped by

chlorophyll in chloroplasts.
The Light Energy is used to split water into

Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Light
The Light Energy is converted into Chemical Energy
Energy in the form of ATP
The 3 products of photolysis are Oxygen, ATP Water

and Hydrogen
Oxygen is released to the air (as a by-product)
ATP and Hydrogen are passed onto the second Hydrogen Oxygen
stage of Photosynthesis (Carbon Fixation)
ADP + Pi → ATP
5.2 Stage 2 – Carbon Fixation
Stage 2 - Carbon fixation
ATP and Hydrogen (from
Photolysis) are used with ATP Hydrogen Carbon
Dioxide
carbon dioxide to make
the product glucose
Carbon Fixation
Glucose can be:-
1. Converted to an energy source
(in respiration)
2. Stored as Starch Glucose
3. Made into Cellulose (for cell

walls)
Practical: Testing leaves for starch
5.3 Summary Stage 1 & Stage 2
Photosynthesis Stage 1st Stage 2nd Stage
Name Photolysis Carbon Fixation
Where in chloroplast? Grana Stroma
Requires Light Yes No

Requires Chlorophyll Yes No
Raw Materials Water Carbon Dioxide

(from soil via roots) (from air via stomata)
Products Hydrogen Glucose

Oxygen
ATP
6. Measuring Photosynthesis
Count number of oxygen bubbles
Upside down test tube
Water
Upside down funnel

Cabomba
7. Limiting Factors
The factors that limit the rate of photosynthesis are:
Light Intensity
Light Energy is an essential factor needed for to split
Water into Hydrogen + Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide Concentration

Carbon Dioxide is a raw material needed to help make
Glucose
Temperature
Photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes. Enzymes
work too slowly at low temperatures, and become
denatured at too high temperatures
*If the rate of photosynthesis decreases, the

rate of cell growth decreases
8. Photosynthesis & Industry
Photosynthesis light energy
Carbon Dioxide + Water Oxygen + Glucose

chlorophyll
Limiting Factors
Temperature
Light Intensity
Carbon Dioxide Concentration
Control of Limiting Factors

Heaters
Supplementary Lighting
Heaters which burn paraffin to increase carbon dioxide
M&S Letter
Photosynthesis Activities
• Water Transport Practical – Celery/Flowers/Tomato Sauce

• Stoma Pore Practical – Nail Varnish/Germaline New Skin
• Rate of Photosynthesis Practical
• Limiting Factors and Photosynthesis Practical - Design
• Matching Cards (See N4/5 Drawer)
• True and False Statements – Revision
• Compare and Contrast Photosynthesis and Respiration
• Photosynthesis song
• Textbook Questions
• Homework
• Past Paper Questions
• Quick Quiz

Plant Transport Systems & Photosynthesis: Biology

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Biology

Plant Transport Systems

Photosynthesis changes light energy from the

The word equation for photosynthesis is:-

Vein (Xylem & Phloem)

Epidermis Protective outer layer

Xylem Transports Water

Phloem Transports Glucose (Sugar)

Palisade Mesophyll Contain lots of chloroplasts for

Moist air space Moist to allow gases to dissolve

Stoma Allows Carbon Dioxide in and

Water is needed by the plant

Water moves from a region

Water travels up the stem

Transport of Glucose (Sugar)

Glucose can travel from the

Phloem vessels are living cells

Plant Transport Video Clip (2:59)

Practical: See Stomata Photosynthesis Animation

Carbon Dioxide gas enters

Stage 2 – Carbon Fixation

Light Energy from the sun is trapped by

The Light Energy is used to split water into

The 3 products of photolysis are Oxygen, ATP Water

Oxygen is released to the air (as a by-product)

2. Stored as Starch Glucose

3. Made into Cellulose (for cell

Where in chloroplast? Grana Stroma

Requires Light Yes No

Raw Materials Water Carbon Dioxide

Products Hydrogen Glucose

Count number of oxygen bubbles

Upside down test tube

Upside down funnel

Carbon Dioxide Concentration

*If the rate of photosynthesis decreases, the

Carbon Dioxide + Water Oxygen + Glucose

Control of Limiting Factors

• Water Transport Practical – Celery/Flowers/Tomato Sauce

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