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    Physics For Scientists and Engineers: Fifth Edition

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    Gabino Corona
    DIAPOSITIVAS

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    Physics For Scientists and Engineers: Fifth Edition

    Uploaded by

    Gabino Corona
    103 views67 pages
    DIAPOSITIVAS

    Original Title

    FISICA

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    DIAPOSITIVAS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    103 views67 pages

    Physics For Scientists and Engineers: Fifth Edition

    Uploaded by

    Gabino Corona
    DIAPOSITIVAS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 67

    Paul A.

    Tipler • Gene Mosca

    Physics for Scientists


    and Engineers
    Fifth Edition

    Chapter 22:
    The Electric Field II: Continuous
    Charge Distributions

    Copyright © 2004 by W. H. Freeman & Company


    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    Effect of Symmetry

    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    22-2
    Gauss’s Law

    20
    Gauss’s Law
    • Electric Flux
    • Charge Distribution
    • Relationship between field lines and charge

    21
    Electric Flux
    • E varies with density of lines
    • Flux is #lines crossing a specific area
    • Flux and “Flow”
    • Symbol 
    • Units: N·m2/C
    • Product of Field and Area
    • Can be + or -

    22
    Electric Flux (cont.)
    • Flux + when leaving a closed surface
    • Flux - when entering a closed surface

    23
    Electric Flux (cont.)
    • Notice that there is no charge inside
    • and, Net Flux is zero

    24
    Case where E is spatially uniform:
    •  = E·A (E factored out of integral)
    •  = +EA (E parallel to A)
    •  = -EA (E anti-parallel to A)

    25
    Flux through both surfaces is identical

    26
    Flux and Charge
    • Amount and sign of a charge can be
    determined by

    (#lines leaving) – (#lines entering)

    27
    (#lines leaving) – (#lines entering) = 0
    net charge enclosed is zero

    28
    net 8 lines leaving = net +q enclosed (with 8 lines per q)

    29
    Flux due to a point Q

     
       E  dA   E(r )nˆ  nˆdA
    kQ
     E (r )  dA  2 (4R 2 )
    R
      4kQ

    30
    •Net Flux not dependent on shape of enclosing surface or
    any charges outside the enclosure
    •Net Flux does depend on amount of charge inside enclosure

    31
    32
    Cylindrical can enclosing part of an “infinite” plane of Q.

    33
    Plane of Charge cont.
    Net flux = EA + EA + 0 = 2EA == 4kq
    E = 4kq/2A = 2k(q/A) = 2k.

    34
    Gauss’s Law in terms of Permittivity
     
    Gauss’s Law net   E  dA  4kQinside

    Permittivity of a 1
    vacuum, o k
    4 o
    Qinside
    Gauss’s Law net  4kQinside 
    o

    35
    Spherical Shell

    • cosine = 1 (symmetry)
    •  = EA = Q/o
    • E = Q/oA
    • A = 4r2.

    36
    Spherical Shell cont.

    any closed surface


    inside shell has
    Qenc = 0
     EA ~ Q = 0
    E=0

    37
    “Field”: Concept or Reality?

    38
    Long Line
    net  left  cyl  right  E(2RL)  4kQ
    E (2RL)  4k (L)
    2k 1 2 1  E (2R)  4k ( )
    E  
    R 4o R 2o R

    39
    Uniform Spherical Volume
    non-zero values inside
    same as pt Q outside

    40
    22-4
    Discontinuity of En

    41
    1 1
    k 4k 
    4 o o

    1
    En     4k
    o
    42
    22-5
    Charge and Field at
    Conductor Surfaces

    43
    E on Conductor
    • at surface E = /o
    • E normal (perpendicular) to surface
    • E is zero inside (with static charges)

    44
    +Point Q inside Shell
    • shell = neutral conductor
    • -/+ induced on shell
    • E ~ same as for
    lone +pt Q.

    45
    Charge Distribution  Field Shape

    46
    Summary
    • E obtained by sum of effect of all
    charges
    • charges can be point (ch21) or
    ‘continuous’ (ch22)
    • E can also be obtained by use of
    Gauss’s Law for E, where concept of E
    flux is used.

    47
    22-6
    Derivation of Gauss’s Law
    From Coulomb’s Law

    48
    49
    50
    Problems

    51
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