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    Entity-Relationship Modeling: Pearson Education © 2014

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    Entity-Relationship Modeling: Pearson Education © 2014

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    Nancy Shibly
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    ch12-2 - 6th Edition_e1b3d4d9ac7eb19d443606c0e02e4282

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views26 pages

    Entity-Relationship Modeling: Pearson Education © 2014

    Uploaded by

    Nancy Shibly
    ...

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 26

    Chapter 12.

    Entity-Relationship Modeling

    Pearson Education © 2014


    Structural Constraints
    Main type of constraint on relationships is
    called multiplicity.
    Multiplicity - number (or range) of
    possible occurrences of an entity type that
    may relate to a single occurrence of an
    associated entity type through a
    particular relationship.
    Represents policies (called business rules)
    established by user or company.
    2
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Structural Constraints
    The most common degree for
    relationships is binary.
    Binary relationships are generally
    referred to as being:
    one-to-one (1:1)
    one-to-many (1:*)
    many-to-many (*:*)

    3
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Semantic net of Staff Manages
    Branch relationship type

    4
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Multiplicity of Staff Manages
    Branch (1:1) relationship

    5
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Semantic net of Staff Oversees
    PropertyForRent relationship
    type

    6
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Multiplicity of Staff Oversees
    PropertyForRent (1:*) relationship
    type

    7
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Semantic net of Newspaper
    Advertises PropertyForRent
    relationship type

    8
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Multiplicity of Newspaper
    Advertises PropertyForRent
    (*:*) relationship

    9
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Structural Constraints

    Multiplicity for Complex Relationships


    Number (or range) of possible occurrences
    of an entity type in an n-ary relationship
    when other (n-1) values are fixed.

    10
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Semantic net of ternary Registers
    relationship with values for Staff
    and Branch entities fixed

    11
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Multiplicity of ternary Registers
    relationship

    12
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Summary of multiplicity
    constraints

    13
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Structural Constraints
    Multiplicity is made up of two types of
    restrictions on relationships: cardinality
    and participation.

    14
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Structural Constraints

    Cardinality
    Describes maximum number of possible
    relationship occurrences for an entity
    participating in a given relationship type.
    Participation
    Determines whether all or only some entity
    occurrences participate in a relationship.

    15
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Multiplicity as cardinality and
    participation constraints

    16
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Problems with ER Models
    Problems may arise when designing a
    conceptual data model called connection
    traps.
    Often due to a misinterpretation of the
    meaning of certain relationships.
    Two main types of connection traps are
    called fan traps and chasm traps.

    17
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Problems with ER Models
    Fan Trap
    Where a model represents a relationship
    between entity types, but pathway between
    certain entity occurrences is ambiguous.

    Chasm Trap
    Where a model suggests the existence of a
    relationship between entity types, but pathway
    does not exist between certain entity
    occurrences.

    18
    Pearson Education © 2014
    An Example of a Fan Trap

    19
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Semantic Net of ER Model with
    Fan Trap

    At which branch office does staff number SG37


    work?

    20
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Restructuring ER model to
    remove Fan Trap

    21
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Semantic Net of Restructured ER
    Model with Fan Trap Removed

    SG37 works at branch B003.


    22
    Pearson Education © 2014
    An Example of a Chasm Trap

    23
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Semantic Net of ER Model with
    Chasm Trap

    At which branch office is property PA14


    available?

    24
    Pearson Education © 2014
    ER Model restructured to remove
    Chasm Trap

    25
    Pearson Education © 2014
    Semantic Net of Restructured ER
    Model with Chasm Trap
    Removed

    26
    Pearson Education © 2014

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