Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 73 views

    Proses Pembuatan Besi & Baja: Semester Genap 2018/2019 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

    Uploaded by

    Khulud Saekhan
    This document discusses the production of steel and iron in Indonesia. It begins with an overview of the course and importance of steel as a strategic material for nations. It then covers the major production routes for steel including blast furnaces, direct reduction, and electric arc furnaces. It analyzes Indonesia's steel industry, which relies on importing iron ore and scrap for raw materials. Opportunities for developing the domestic iron ore resources and increasing scrap recycling are discussed. Future developments in steelmaking technology focus on reducing impurities, controlling microstructure, advanced surface treatments, and steel composites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Proses Pembuatan Besi & Baja: Semester Genap 2018/2019 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

    Uploaded by

    Khulud Saekhan
    73 views33 pages
    This document discusses the production of steel and iron in Indonesia. It begins with an overview of the course and importance of steel as a strategic material for nations. It then covers the major production routes for steel including blast furnaces, direct reduction, and electric arc furnaces. It analyzes Indonesia's steel industry, which relies on importing iron ore and scrap for raw materials. Opportunities for developing the domestic iron ore resources and increasing scrap recycling are discussed. Future developments in steelmaking technology focus on reducing impurities, controlling microstructure, advanced surface treatments, and steel composites.

    Original Description:

    Kuliah Awal

    Original Title

    Kuliah Awal 2019

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses the production of steel and iron in Indonesia. It begins with an overview of the course and importance of steel as a strategic material for nations. It then covers the major production routes for steel including blast furnaces, direct reduction, and electric arc furnaces. It analyzes Indonesia's steel industry, which relies on importing iron ore and scrap for raw materials. Opportunities for developing the domestic iron ore resources and increasing scrap recycling are discussed. Future developments in steelmaking technology focus on reducing impurities, controlling microstructure, advanced surface treatments, and steel composites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    73 views33 pages

    Proses Pembuatan Besi & Baja: Semester Genap 2018/2019 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

    Uploaded by

    Khulud Saekhan
    This document discusses the production of steel and iron in Indonesia. It begins with an overview of the course and importance of steel as a strategic material for nations. It then covers the major production routes for steel including blast furnaces, direct reduction, and electric arc furnaces. It analyzes Indonesia's steel industry, which relies on importing iron ore and scrap for raw materials. Opportunities for developing the domestic iron ore resources and increasing scrap recycling are discussed. Future developments in steelmaking technology focus on reducing impurities, controlling microstructure, advanced surface treatments, and steel composites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 33

    Proses Pembuatan Besi & Baja

    Semester Genap 2018/2019

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

    Metallurgy and Materials Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering
    Universitas Indonesia
    Bahasan Kuliah 1
    • SAP, Lingkup Kuliah
    • Baja Material Strategis Sebuah Bangsa
    • Statistik Produksi/ Konsumsi Besi Baja
    Dunia/ Indonesia
    • Perkembangan Baja ke Depan
    Baja Sebagai Engineering Material
    Mengapa Baja?
    • Baja memegang peranan penting sebagai material rekayasa
    dalam peradaban kemajuan manusia
    • Cadangan di alam besar (pada kerak bumi)
    • (O) (46,6%)
    • (Si) (27,7%)
    • (Al) (8,1%)
    • (Fe) (5,0%)
    • (Ca) (3,6%)
    • (Na) (2,8%)
    • (K) (2,6%)
    • (Mg) (2,1%).

    • Mudah di recycling (> 35% produksi dunia dari scrap  Baja)


    • Mudah di buat paduan (alloy) dan heat treatment
    Peran Strategis Industri Baja

    Peralatan

    Pertahanan

    BAJA
    Infrastruktur

    Peralatan
    Rmh Tangga Transportasi
    Tek.Informasi

    PT KRAKATAU STEEL
    4 Jalur Pembuatan Besi Baja
    • Tanur Tinggi (Blast Furnace) – Besi Cair-
    BOF – Baja Cair
    • Reduksi Langsung (mis Hylsa) – Sponge
    Iron – EAF – Baja Cair
    • Scrap – EAF – Baja Cair
    • Smelting Reduction – Besi Cair – BOF –
    Baja Cair
    Jalur Pembuatan Baja Dunia

    60% 0,2% 4,3% 35%


    Integrated Steel Mill vs Mini Mill

    Integrated Steel Mill Mini Mill


    Blast Furnace Direct Reduction EAF
    Raw Material Iron Ore, Coke Iron Ore, CH4, Coal Scrap, Listrik
    Production/Capacity 2- 10 Million Tons 300.000 – 3 Million 100.000 – 1 million
    Tons Ton
    Technology Complex production DR – EAF-Concast- Single Production
    /Equipment Flow BF-BOF- Rolling Line
    Concast-Rolling EAF-Concast-Rolling
    Product Range Flat/Long Product Flat/Long Product Limited long product
    (higher value added (higher value added (lower quality steel
    product product product)
    Market Domestic and global Domestic and global Mainly domestic/
    market market local market
    Investment Level High investment High Investment Small and medium
    investment
    Integrated Steel Mill
    Steelmaking Flowlines
    Mini Mill (Single Line Production)

    SCRAP

    BILLET ROLLING MILL

    LONG PRODUCT
    World Steel Production (Million Ton)
    World Steel Production (Million Ton)
    World Steel Production (Million Ton)
    World Steel Production (Million Ton)
    Cadangan Bijih Besi Dunia
    Ratio Scrap/ Crude Steel
    Production
    Ketersediaan Scrap Dunia
    Keuntungan Penggunaan Scrap
    • Hemat energi: dibandingkan dengan energi yang
    dibutuhkan untuk proses pembuatan baja dengan bahan
    baku bijih besi.
    • Mendukung upaya konservasi sumber daya mineral dan
    batubara
    • mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca CO2
    • Untuk setiap 500 ton scrap yang diolah maka:
    – Menurunkan emisi gas CO2 sebesar 700 ton.
    – Mengurangi pemakaian bijih besi sebanyak 710 ton.
    – Menekan pengunaan batubara antrasit sebanyak 220 ton
    Kelemahan Penggunaan Scrap
    • Tantangan terbesar dalam proses daur ulang
    scrap adalah bagaimana menghilangkan
    pengotor-pengotor yang melekat pada scrap.
    • Keberadaan pengotor pada scrap akan
    mengganggu proses pembuatan baja dan
    menurunkan kualitas baja
    • Karenanya scrap harus memenuhi standar
    dan spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan.
    Kebutuhan Baja Indonesia
    Produksi Baja Indonesia (11 Juta Ton)
    (Potret Jalur Teknologi dan Bahan Baku)
    Integrated Steel Mill Mini Mill
    Iron Making Blast Furnace Direct Reduction -
    (hot metal/pig iron) (sponge iron)
    Steel Making BOF-Concast EAF-Concast EAF-Concast
    Production T/year 3 Juta 2.75 Juta 6.05 Juta
    Posko-KS (30 % an) (70% an)
    Pengembangan KS
    (1.5 Juta) Thn 2015
    Number of Company (2) 1 IISIA : 51
    Non IISIA : 29
    Raw Material Import ? Iron Ore: 2.6 Juta Scrap: 5 – 6 Juta
    (T/year) Scrap: 0.5 Juta
    Slab/Billet : 0.8 – 1.6
    Juta
    Raw Material Local - ? Scrap: 2 Juta
    (T/year)
    Industri Baja Indonesia
    • Indonesia masih tergantung pada bijih besi (pelet) impor untuk bahan
    baku pembuatan baja
    • Indonesia juga masih harus mengimport scrap untuk mini mills steel plan
    • Kebutuhan baja yang tinggi lebih besar dari produksi yg dihasilkan
    (mengharuskan import)
    • Indonesia juga mengimport hampir semua baja baja khusus (alloy Steel)
    • Pelet impor :
    – Harga mahal (2007, CNF > 100 US$/Ton)
    – Transportasi mahal
    – Suplai tidak bisa dikendalikan
    • Bijih besi lokal :
    – Jumlahnya cukup banyak terutama bijih besi laterit
    – Harga murah (FOB 17 US$/ Ton)
    – Transportasi murah, Suplai bisa dikendalikan
    • Bijih besi merupakan komponen biaya produksi utama pembuatan baja
    Biaya Produksi Iron Making ( Hyl-III )

    Lain -- 2
    1% Listrik
    3%
    Variabel = 94 %
    Total

    Energi Gas
    Pellet
    Pellet 19%
    18% 15%
    79%
    73%
    Tetap

    Sumber : PT Krakatau Steel


    Biaya Produksi Steel Making ( SSP )

    Listrik

    Others 3% 14,5%

    Gas 0,3 %
    Electrode 2, 45%
    Variabel = 91,9 %
    Total

    Konsumabel Refractories 2,69%


    10,10%
    Alloys 2,68%
    Spons+Scrap 64%
    Additive 2,28%
    Tetap

    Sumber : PT Krakatau Steel


    Steel
    Low C Steel
    < 0,2%

    Plain C Steel Med C Steel


    0,2 – 0,5%

    High C Steel
    > 0,5%
    Low Alloy Steel
    < 8% Alloying Element

    Corrosion Resistant
    High Alloy Steel
    > 8% Alloying Element Heat Resistant
    Wear Resistant
    Future Development of Steel
    - Baja belum sepenuhnya dikembangkan
    - Masih banyak kemungkinan
    pengembangannya
    • Pengurangan Elemen Pengotor dan Non
    Metalic Inclusion ke level yang sangat rendah
    dapat meningkatkan
    – Ductility
    – Toughness
    – Fatique Strength
    – Corrosion Resistance
    Future Development of Steel
    - FINE STRUCTURE CONTROL
    Kontrol dalam besar butir/ tekstur/
    mikrostructure dapat meningkatkan
    – Formability
    – Toughness
    – Ketahanan Abrasiv
    – Sifat Magnetis/ Elektromagnetis
    Dikombinasikan dengan: New Alloy Composition,
    New Precipitate
    Future Development of Steel
    - ADVANCED SURFACE MODIFICATION
    – Untuk High Corrosion Resistance
    – High Hardness/ wear resistance
    – Soiling Resistance
    • COMPOSITE of STEEL and OTHER
    MATERIALS
    – Menghasilkan “new properties”
    • Lebih kuat, lebih tangguh

    You might also like