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    Capacitor Bank

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    Kyaw Soe
    This document discusses capacitor banks and power factor correction. It defines power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power, and explains that inductive loads can cause low power factors. Low power factors have disadvantages like increased losses and equipment sizing. Capacitor banks installed at substations and loads can improve the power factor closer to 1. The benefits of power factor correction include reduced costs, losses, and improved voltage regulation. Capacitors require little maintenance and provide maximum benefit when correcting power factor to around 95%.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Capacitor Bank

    Uploaded by

    Kyaw Soe
    254 views16 pages
    This document discusses capacitor banks and power factor correction. It defines power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power, and explains that inductive loads can cause low power factors. Low power factors have disadvantages like increased losses and equipment sizing. Capacitor banks installed at substations and loads can improve the power factor closer to 1. The benefits of power factor correction include reduced costs, losses, and improved voltage regulation. Capacitors require little maintenance and provide maximum benefit when correcting power factor to around 95%.

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    This document discusses capacitor banks and power factor correction. It defines power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power, and explains that inductive loads can cause low power factors. Low power factors have disadvantages like increased losses and equipment sizing. Capacitor banks installed at substations and loads can improve the power factor closer to 1. The benefits of power factor correction include reduced costs, losses, and improved voltage regulation. Capacitors require little maintenance and provide maximum benefit when correcting power factor to around 95%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    254 views16 pages

    Capacitor Bank

    Uploaded by

    Kyaw Soe
    This document discusses capacitor banks and power factor correction. It defines power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power, and explains that inductive loads can cause low power factors. Low power factors have disadvantages like increased losses and equipment sizing. Capacitor banks installed at substations and loads can improve the power factor closer to 1. The benefits of power factor correction include reduced costs, losses, and improved voltage regulation. Capacitors require little maintenance and provide maximum benefit when correcting power factor to around 95%.

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    Contents:

    •Capacitor Bank
    •Power factor
    •Causes of low power factor
    •Disadvantages of low power
    factor
    •The Need for Power factor
    correction
    •Methods for improving Pf
    •Advantages of power factor
    correction
    •How capacitor Bank install in
    the plant
    •Reference
    A capacitor bank is a group of several capacitors
    of the same rating that are connected in series or
    parallel with each other to store electrical energy
    .
    The resulting bank is then used to counteract or
    correct a power factor lag or phase shift in an
    alternating current (AC) power supply.
    Capacitor banks are generally used in
    substations. Since most of the household
    and industrial appliances are either
    resistive(eg. incandescent light, heater,
    etc.) or inductive(e.g. refrigerator, airconditioner,
    motor, etc). The capacitive
    load of the capacitor bank will help to
    adjust the power factor as close to 1 as
    possible, in which case the voltage and
    current are in phase and deliver maximum
    usable power to the load.
    Power Factor:
    The power factor is the ratio of the real
    power that is used to do work and the apparent
    power that is supplied to the circuit.
    The power factor can get values in the range
    from 0 to 1.
    When all the power is reactive power with no real
    power (usually inductive load) - the power factor
    is 0.
    When all the power is real power with no reactive
    power (resistive load) - the power factor is 1.
    The power factor can be expressed in
    two ways:
    ■Power factor (pf) = Useful power (kW)
    divided by the total power (kVA),or
    ■Power factor (pf) = The cosine of the
    angle between useful power and total
    power= cos ø.
    Cause of low power factor:
    Low power factor results when KW
    is small
    in relation to KVA.
    What causes a large KVAR in a
    system?

    Inductive Loads
    •Transformer
    •Induction motors
    •Induction generators (Wind mill
    generators)
    •High intensity discharge (HID)
    lighting
    Disadvantages of low power factor:
    •The increase in reactive power
    increases
    the current flowing through the
    network
    •Large copper losses
    •Large KVA rating and size of
    electrical
    equipment
    •Greater conductor size and cost
    •Poor voltage regulation and large
    voltage
    drop
    •Low efficiency
    •Reduced handling capacity of the
    system
    You can improve power factor by adding power
    factor
    correction capacitors to your plant distribution
    system.
    95% power factor provides maximum benefit
    Theoretically, capacitors could provide 100% of needed reactive
    power. In practical usage, however, power factor correction to
    approximately 95% provides maximum benefit.
    Other methods of improving PF :
    Synchronous Condenser
    Phase Advancer
    How much can I save by installing power capacitors?

    ■To reduce losses in the distribution system


    ■Reduction of electricity bills
    ■Extra kVA available from the existing supply
    ■Reduction of I2R losses in transformers and
    distribution equipment
    ■Reduction of voltage drop in long cables.
    ■Extended equipment life – Reduced
    electrical burden on cables
    ■and electrical components.
    Where should I install capacitors in my plant distribution
    system?
    At Load-
    Because capacitors act as kVAR generators, the most efficient
    place
    to install them is directly at the motor, where kVAR is consumed.
    Three options exist for installing capacitors at the motor
    At the service feeder-
    When correcting entire plant loads, capacitor banks can be
    installed
    at the service entrance, if load conditions and transformer size
    permit. If the amount of correction is too large, some capacitors
    can
    be installed at individual motors or branch circuits.
    When capacitors are connected to the bus, feeder, motor control
    center, or switchboard, a disconnect and overcurrent protection
    must be provided.
    What about maintenance?
    Capacitors have no moving parts to wear out and
    require very little maintenance.Check fuses on a
    regular basis. If high voltages,harmonics,switching
    surges, or vibration exists, fuses should be checked
    more frequently.
    Referencesi.
    International Journal of Emerging Technology
    and Advanced Engineering Website:
    www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO
    9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue
    8, August 2014)
    ii. http://www.eaton.com/electrical.
    iii. http://www.electrical4u.com/capacitor-bankreactive-
    power-compensation/

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