The Nano World

THE NANO WORLD
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Refers to the science, engineering, and technology

conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100
nanometers (NNI, 2017)
• Nanoscience and nanotechnology employs the study
and application of exceptionally small things in other
areas of science including materials science,
engineering, physics, biology, and chemistry.
PHYSICIST RICHARD FEYNMAN
• The concept of nanotechnology and nanoscience

started in December 29,1959 he discussed a
method which scientist can direct and control
individual atoms and molecules in his talk “There’s
Plenty of Room at the Bottom” during the
American Physical Society meeting at the
California Institute of Technology.
CONCEPT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Feynman considered a number of interesting

ramifications of a general ability to manipulate
matter on an atomic scale.
• Feynman also suggested that it should be possible,
in principle, to make nanoscale machines that
"arrange the atoms the way we want"
CONCEPT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
• He also presented the possibility of "swallowing

the doctor", an idea that he credited in the essay
to his friend and graduate student Albert Hibbs.
This concept involved building a tiny, swallowable
surgical robot.
PROFESSOR NORIO TANIGUCHI
• The term “nanotechnology” was coined by

Professor Norio Taniguchi a decade after
the dawn of the use of ultra precision
machining (NNI, 2017)
HOW SMALL IS NANOSCALE?
• A nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or 10−9 of a meter.

HOW TO VIEW NANOMATERIALS
• Electron Microscope
The electron microscope is a type of microscope that
uses electrons to create an image of the target. It has much higher magnification
or resolving power than a normal light microscope.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
• Atomic force microscope (AFM)

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is one kind of
scanning probe microscopes (SPM). SPMs are designed to
measure local properties, such as height, friction, magnetism,
with a probe. To acquire an image, the SPM raster-scans the
probe over a small area of the sample, measuring the local
property simultaneously.
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE (AFM )
• Scanning Tunneling microscope

The scanning tunneling
microscope (STM) works by scanning a very sharp
metal wire tip over a surface. By bringing the tip very close
to the surface, and by applying an electrical voltage to the tip
or sample, we can image the surface at an extremely small
scale – down to resolving individual atoms.
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE
NANOMANUFACTURING
• It refers to scaled-up, reliable and cost effective

manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures,
devices, and system. It also involves research,
improvement, and incorporation of processes for
the construction of materials. Therefore,
nanomanufacturing leads to the development of
new products and improved materials.
BOTTOM-UP FABRICATION
• It manufactures products by building them up from

atomic and molecular- scale components.
However, this method can be time-consuming.
Scientist and engineers are still in search for
effective ways of putting up together molecular
components that self-assemble and from the
bottom-up to organized structures.
TOP-DOWN FABRICATION
• It trims down large pieces of materials into

nanoscale. This process needs larger amounts of
materials and discards excess raw materials.
ASSEMBLY OF NANOMATERIALS
• Dip pen lithography

It is a method in which the tip of an atomic force microscope is
“dipped” into a chemical fluid and then utilized to “write” on a surface,
like an old-fashioned ink pen onto paper.
• Self-assembly
It depicts an approach wherein a set of components join
together to mold on organized structure in the absence of
an outside direction.
• Chemical vapor disposition

It is a procedure wherein chemicals act in response to
form very pure, high-performance films.
• Nanoimprint lithography
It is a method of generating nanoscale attributes by
“stamping” or “printing” them onto a surface.
• Molecular beam epitaxy

It is one manner for depositing extremely controlled thin
films.
• Roll-to-roll processing
It is a high-volume practice for constructing nanoscale
devices on a roll of ultrathin plastic or metal.
• Atomic layer epitaxy
It is a means for laying down one-atom-thick layers on a
surface.
DISTINCT FEATURES OF NANASCALE
• Scale at which much biology occurs.

• Scale at which quantum effects dominate
properties of materials.
• Nanoscale materials have far larger surface areas
than similar masses of larger-scale materials.
GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
• U.S National Nanotechnology Initiative

• European Commission
• Japan
• Taiwan
• India
• China
• Israel
GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
• Australia
• Canada
• South Korea
• Thailand
• Malaysia
POSSIBLE APPLIC ATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• ICT and semiconductors

• Health and medicine
• Energy
• Food and agriculture
• Environment
BENEFITS AND CONCERNS OF USING
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanotechnology is not a single technology; it may become
pervasive (tech that can exists in every parts).
• Nanotechnology seeks to develop new materials with specific
properties.
• Nanotechnology may introduce new efficiencies and paradigms,
which may make some natural resources and current practices
uncompetitive or obsolete.
• It may be complicated to detect its presence unless one has the
specialist tools of nanotechnology.
EXAMPLE AREAS AFFECTED BY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Environment
• Health
• Economy

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THE NANO WORLD

• Refers to the science, engineering, and technology

• The concept of nanotechnology and nanoscience

• Feynman considered a number of interesting

• He also presented the possibility of "swallowing

• The term “nanotechnology” was coined by

• A nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or 10−9 of a meter.

• Atomic force microscope (AFM)

• Scanning Tunneling microscope

• It refers to scaled-up, reliable and cost effective

• It manufactures products by building them up from

• It trims down large pieces of materials into

• Dip pen lithography

• Chemical vapor disposition

• Molecular beam epitaxy

• Scale at which much biology occurs.

• U.S National Nanotechnology Initiative

• ICT and semiconductors

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