Regenerative Breaking

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The key takeaways are that regenerative braking allows electric vehicles to capture kinetic energy during braking that would otherwise be lost as heat and store it in a battery or other device to be used later to power the vehicle.

The regenerative braking energy can be stored in three main devices - an electrochemical battery, a flywheel, or in a regenerative fuel cell.

Regenerative braking works by using the electric motor of a hybrid vehicle which reverses direction and becomes an electric generator when braking. The generated electricity is then fed into a storage device like a battery to be used later to power the vehicle.

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WHAT IS REGENERATIVE BREAKING
NG
 A regenerative brake is an apparatus ,a device or system
which allows a vehicle to recapture part of the kinetic
energy that would otherwise be lost to heat when
braking and make use of that power either by storing it
for future use or feeding it back into a power system for
other vehicles to use.
 Regenerative braking is used on hybrid gas/electric
automobiles to recoup some of the energy lost during
stopping . This energy is saved in a storage battery and
used later to power the motor whenever the car is in
electric mode.
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HOW IT WORKS
 Regenerative braking does more than simply stop the car.
Electric motors and electric generators (such as car’s
alternator)are essentially two sides of the same
technology. Both use magnetic fields and coiled wires,
but in different configurations.
 Whenever the electric motor of a hybrid car begins to
reverse direction, it becomes an electric generator or
dynamo.
 This generated electricity is fed into a chemical storage
battery and used later to power the car at city speeds.
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Contd..

 Regenerative braking takes energy normally wasted


during braking and turns it into usable energy.
 It is not,however ,a perpetual motion machine.Energy
is still lost through friction with the road surface and
other drains on the system.
 The energy collected during braking does not restore
all the energy lost during driving. It does improve
energy efficiency and assist the main alternator.
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Contd

 Regenerative braking is a benefit of hybrid electric


vehicles, whereby some of the translational energy
of the vehicle is captured and returned to an energy
storage device when the brake pedal is applied.
 This is different from conventional braking, in which
a car is slowed through friction and the energy of the
car is lost through waste heat.
 The energy recaptured by regenerative braking
might be stored in one of three devices: an
electrochemical battery, a flywheel, or in a
regenerative fuel cell.
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PRACTICAL REGENERATIVE
BRAKING
 Regenerative braking is not by itself sufficient as the sole means of safely bringing a
vehicle to a standstill, or slowing it as required, so it must be used in conjunction
with another braking system such as friction-based braking.

 The regenerative braking effect drops off at lower speeds, and cannot bring a vehicle
to a complete halt reasonably quickly with current technology, although some cars
like the Chevrolet Bolt can bring the vehicle to a complete stop on even surfaces
when the driver knows the vehicle's regenerative braking distance. This is referred to
as One Pedal Driving.

 Many road vehicles with regenerative braking do not have drive motors on all wheels
(as in a two-wheel drive car); regenerative braking is normally only applicable to
wheels with motors. For safety, the ability to brake all wheels is required.

 The regenerative braking effect available is limited, and mechanical braking is still
necessary for substantial speed reductions, to bring a vehicle to a stop, or to hold a
vehicle at a standstill.
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REGENERATIVE BRAKING &


BATTERIES

 The electric motor of a car becomes a generator when the brake


pedal is applied. The kinetic energy of the car is used to generate
electricity that is then used to recharge the batteries.
 With this system, traditional friction brakes must also be used to
ensure that the car slows down as much as necessary.
 Thus, not all of the kinetic energy of the car can be harnessed for
the batteries because some of it is "lost" to waste heat.
 Some energy is also lost to resistance as the energy travels from
the wheel and axle, through the drivetrain and electric motor,
and into the battery.
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REGENERATIVE BREAKING AND
FLYWHEELS
 The translational energy of the vehicle is transferred into rotational
energy in the flywheel, which stores the energy until it is needed to
accelerate the vehicle.

 The benefit of using flywheel technology is that more of the forward


inertial energy of the car can be captured than in batteries, because the
flywheel can be engaged even during relatively short intervals of
braking and acceleration.

 In the case of batteries, they are not able to accept charge at these rapid
intervals, and thus more energy is lost to friction.

 Another advantage of flywheel technology is that the additional power


supplied by the flywheel during acceleration substantially supplements
the power output of the small engine that hybrid vehicles are equipped
with.
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REGENERATIVE BRAKING AND FUEL
CELLS
 The third system uses what is known as a unitized
regenerative fuel cell, which is designed to both
convert hydrogen and oxygen into energy and water,
or be reversed to take the energy from the wheels,
combine it with water, and produce hydrogen and
oxygen.
 The system as a single unit is substantially lighter
than a separate electrolyzer and generator, which
makes this system (known as a URFC) especially
beneficial when weight is a factor.
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Contd ..
 This means that not only will this technology make
lighter hybrids available, it will also give hybrids a
driving range that is comparable to that of vehicles today
that are equipped with conventional engines.

 Further benefits of the URFC is that it will be more cost


effective than other vehicles because it will not need to
be replaced, and it will provide the additional power
needed by an electric engine when accelerating onto a
highway.
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REGENERATIVE BREAKING-
ADVANTAGES
 Provide greater fuel economy
 Greater improvement in emission reduction
 Energy saving (energy conversion will be carefully
controlled in the interest of maximum efficiency)
 Provide ample drive power and power for sudden
acceleration
 Enhance the efficiency of the engine and the
overall economy of the car.
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REGENERATIVE BREAKING-
DISADVANTAGES
 The main disadvantage of regenerative brakes when
compared with dynamic brakes is the need to closely match
the electricity generated with the supply.

 With DC supplies this requires the voltage to be closely


controlled and it is only with the development of power
electronics that it has been possible with AC supplies
where the supply frequency must also be matched
.motors).
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THANK YOU

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