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    On Turbines

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    Ankit Arora
    This document provides an overview of hydraulic turbines and their classification. It defines a hydraulic turbine as a prime mover that converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical rotation. Turbines are classified based on their hydraulic action (impulse vs reaction), direction of water flow (radial, axial, tangential), head of water, specific speed, disposition of the turbine shaft, and common turbine types (Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, propeller). The document describes each classification type in detail.

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    On Turbines

    Uploaded by

    Ankit Arora
    516 views18 pages
    This document provides an overview of hydraulic turbines and their classification. It defines a hydraulic turbine as a prime mover that converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical rotation. Turbines are classified based on their hydraulic action (impulse vs reaction), direction of water flow (radial, axial, tangential), head of water, specific speed, disposition of the turbine shaft, and common turbine types (Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, propeller). The document describes each classification type in detail.

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    This document provides an overview of hydraulic turbines and their classification. It defines a hydraulic turbine as a prime mover that converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical rotation. Turbines are classified based on their hydraulic action (impulse vs reaction), direction of water flow (radial, axial, tangential), head of water, specific speed, disposition of the turbine shaft, and common turbine types (Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, propeller). The document describes each classification type in detail.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    516 views18 pages

    On Turbines

    Uploaded by

    Ankit Arora
    This document provides an overview of hydraulic turbines and their classification. It defines a hydraulic turbine as a prime mover that converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical rotation. Turbines are classified based on their hydraulic action (impulse vs reaction), direction of water flow (radial, axial, tangential), head of water, specific speed, disposition of the turbine shaft, and common turbine types (Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, propeller). The document describes each classification type in detail.

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    IPS COLLEGE OF TECH.

    AND
    MANAGEMENT

    PRESENTATION ON HYDRAULIC TURBINES


    AND ITS TYPES
     Prepared by : ANKIT ARORA
     Enrollnment No :0928ME141015
    Definition
    Hydraulic Turbine is a prime mover that
    uses the energy of flowing water and
    converts it into the mechanical energy in
    the form of rotation of runner wheel.
    Also termed as ‘water turbines’.
    Flow sheet of hydroelectric power
    plant
    Classification

     Based on hydraulic action of water


     Based on direction of flow
     Based on head of water and quantity of flow
     Based on specific speed
     Based on disposition of turbine shaft
     Based on name of originator (commonly used
    turbines)
    Based on hydraulic action of water

     Impulse turbine : One in which all the


    energy of water is converted to kinetic
    energy before the water strikes the vanes
    of the runner wheel. This is done by
    passing the flow through nozzle or some
    guidelines. The runner is rotated by the
    force of water and water passes over the
    wheel at atmospheric pressure.
    Ex- Pelton Wheel
    Impulse Turbine
    REACTION TURBINE……

     Reaction Turbine : Here, water


    entering the runner wheel of the
    turbine has both kinetic energy and
    pressure energy that is total head of
    water striking the runner wheel ,consist
    partly of pressure head.
    E.g- Francis turbine, Propeller turbine,
    Kaplan turbine
    Reaction Turbine (Kaplan Turbine)
    Based on direction of flow

     Radial flow turbine : A radial flow turbine is a


    turbine in which the water as it move along the
    vane flow towards the axis of rotation or away
    from it.
    Radial flow turbine is of two types:
    I. Inward flow turbine : If the flow of water is
    towards the axis of rotation, its called inward
    flow turbine.
    II. Outward flow turbine : If the flow of water is
    away from the axis of rotation , its called
    outward flow turbine.
    Radial Flow Turbine
     Axial flow turbine : Its the turbine in
    which water enters the runner wheel
    parallel to the direction of axis of rotation
    of runner.
    Ex- Kaplan turbine, Propeller turbine
     Tangential flow turbine : Its the turbine
    in which water strikes the runner wheel
    tangentially to the path of rotation.
    Ex- Pelton turbine
    Axial Flow Turbine
     Mixed flow turbine : It’s the
    turbine in which the direction of
    flow is partly radial and partly axial.
    Water enters the blade radially and
    comes out axially parallel to the
    turbine shaft.
    Based on head of water and
    quantity of flow
     High head turbine : when head is above 250 m
    Ex- Pelton wheel
     Medium head turbine : when head is between 60m –
    250m
    Ex- Francis turbine
     Low head turbine : When head is between 15-60 m
    Ex- kaplan turbine
     Very low head turbine: When is head is less than 15m
    Ex- Propeller turbine
    Based on specific speed

    Specific speed Types of turbine

    10-35 Pelton wheel with one nozzle


    35-60 Pelton wheel with two or more
    nozzle, Multi jet pelton wheel
    60-300 Francis turbine
    300-1000 Kaplan turbine
    Based on disposition of turbine shaft

     Turbine shaft may be either vertical or


    horizontal. Pelton turbine usually have
    horizontal shafts whereas the rest have
    vertical shafts.
    Based on name of
    originator
     Pelton wheel : Tangential flow impulse turbine
    used for high head of water.
     Francis turbine : Inward flow reaction turbine
    used for medium head of water.
     Kaplan turbine : Axial flow adjustable blades
    reaction turbine used for low head of water.
     Propeller turbine : Fixed blades axial flow
    reaction turbine used for very low head of
    water.

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