Design of Machine Element

SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
[Educational Service: SNR Sons Charitable Trust]

[Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade]
[Approved by AICTE and Permanently Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai]
[ISO 9001:2015 Certified and all eligible programmes Accredited by NBA]
VATTAMALAIPALAYAM, N.G.G.O. COLONY POST, COIMBATORE – 641 022.
16ME218
DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS
Semester - 6
B.E Mechanical Engineering
Academic Year : 2018-19
1
Introduction to welding
A welded joint is a permanent joint which is obtained by

the fusion of the edges of the two parts to be joined
together, with or without the application of pressure and a
filler material. The heat required for the fusion of the
material may be obtained by burning of gas (in case of gas
welding) or by an electric arc (in case of electric arc
welding).
2
Advantages and Disadvantages of Welded Joints
over Riveted Joints
Advantages
1. The welded structures are usually lighter than riveted structures.
This is due to the reason, that in welding, gussets or other
connecting components are not used.
2. The welded joints provide maximum efficiency (may be 100%)
which is not possible incase of riveted joints.
3. Alterations and additions can be easily made in the existing
structures.
4. In welded connections, the tension members are not weakened
as in the case of riveted joints.
5. A welded joint has a great strength. Often a welded joint has the
strength of the parent metal itself.
6. It is possible to weld any part of a structure at any point. But
riveting requires enough clearance.
7. The process of welding takes less time than the riveting. 3
Advantages and Disadvantages of Welded Joints
over Riveted Joints
Disadvantages
1. Since there is an uneven heating and cooling during
fabrication, therefore the members may get distorted or
additional stresses may develop.
2. It requires a highly skilled labour and supervision.
3. Since no provision is kept for expansion and contraction in
the frame, therefore there is a possibility of cracks developing
in it.
4. The inspection of welding work is more difficult than
riveting work.
4
Welding Processes
The welding processes may be broadly classified into the
following two groups:
1. Welding processes that use heat
alone e.g. fusion welding.
2. Welding processes that use a
combination of heat and pressure
e.g. forge welding.
The fusion welding, according to the method of heat
generated, may be classified as:
1. Thermit welding, 2. Gas welding, and 3. Electric arc
welding.
5
Types of Welded Joints
6
7
8
Design calculations for Strength of Transverse
Fillet Welded Joints
9
10
Design calculations for Strength of Parallel Fillet
Welded Joints
11
12
Strength of Butt Joints
13
Special Cases of Fillet Welded Joints
1. Circular fillet weld subjected to torsion
14
2. Circular fillet weld subjected to bending moment
15
2. Long fillet weld subjected to torsion
16
1. A 50 mm diameter solid shaft is welded to a flat plate by 10 mm fillet

weld as shown in Fig.1.Find the maximum torque that the welded
joint can sustain if the maximum shear stress intensity in the weld
material is not to exceed 80 MPa.
2. A plate 1 m long, 60 mm thick is welded to another plate at right
angles to each other by 15 mm fillet weld, as shown in Fig.2. Find the
maximum torque that the welded joint can sustain if the permissible
shear stress intensity in the weld material is not to exceed 80 MPa.
17
Recommended minimum size of welds
Stress Concentration Factor for Welded Joints
18
Problems
1. A plate 100 mm wide and10 mm thick is to be welded to

another plate by means of double parallel fillets. The plates are
subjected to a static load of 80 kN. Find the length of weld if the
permissible shear stress in the weld does not exceed55 MPa.
2. A plate 100 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is to be welded to
another plate by means of parallel fillet welds. The plates are
subjected to a load of 50 kN. Find the length of the weld so that
the maximum stress does not exceed 56 MPa. Consider the joint
first under static loading and then under fatigue loading.
19
Problems
3. A plate 75 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is joined with

another plate by a single transverse weld and a double
parallel fillet weld as shown in Fig.The maximum tensile and
shear stresses are 70 MPa and56 MPa respectively. Find the
length of each parallel fillet weld, if the joint is subjected to
both static and fatigue loading.
20
Problems
4. Determine the length of the weld run for a plate of size 120
mm wide and 15mmthick to be welded to another plate by
means of
a)A single transverse weld; and
b)Double parallel fillet welds when the joint is subjected to
variable loads.
21
Axially Loaded Unsymmetrical Welded Sections
22
23
Eccentrically Loaded Welded Joints
24
25
26
6. A welded joint as shown in Fig. is subjected to an eccentric load of 2 kN.

Find the size of weld, if the maximum shear stress in the weld
is 25 MPa.
27
7. A 50 mm diameter solid shaft is welded to a flat plate as shown in

Fig.If the size of the weld is 15 mm, find the maximum normal and
shear stress in the weld
28
8.A rectangular cross-section bar is welded to a support by means of fillet

welds as shown in Fig. 10.26.Determine the size of the welds, if the
permissible shear stress in the weld is limited to 75 MPa
29
9. A rectangular steel plate is welded as a cantilever to a vertical column

and supports a single concentrated load P, as shown in Fig.Determine the
weld size if shear stress in the same is not to exceed 140 MPa.
30

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SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

[Educational Service: SNR Sons Charitable Trust]

Academic Year : 2018-19

A welded joint is a permanent joint which is obtained by

1. A 50 mm diameter solid shaft is welded to a flat plate by 10 mm fillet

Stress Concentration Factor for Welded Joints

1. A plate 100 mm wide and10 mm thick is to be welded to

3. A plate 75 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is joined with

6. A welded joint as shown in Fig. is subjected to an eccentric load of 2 kN.

7. A 50 mm diameter solid shaft is welded to a flat plate as shown in

8.A rectangular cross-section bar is welded to a support by means of fillet

9. A rectangular steel plate is welded as a cantilever to a vertical column

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