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    Unit 2

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    This document discusses how scientists use models to understand atoms and molecules that cannot be seen directly. It begins by introducing Dalton's atomic theory that proposed atoms as indivisible building blocks that compose all matter. Later models such as Thomson's electron theory and Rutherford's nuclear theory provided new evidence that overturned previous models. The document describes these historic atomic models, including Bohr's planetary model of electrons orbiting the nucleus. It concludes that modern atomic theory states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Unit 2

    Uploaded by

    api-487875582
    47 views37 pages
    This document discusses how scientists use models to understand atoms and molecules that cannot be seen directly. It begins by introducing Dalton's atomic theory that proposed atoms as indivisible building blocks that compose all matter. Later models such as Thomson's electron theory and Rutherford's nuclear theory provided new evidence that overturned previous models. The document describes these historic atomic models, including Bohr's planetary model of electrons orbiting the nucleus. It concludes that modern atomic theory states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.

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    This document discusses how scientists use models to understand atoms and molecules that cannot be seen directly. It begins by introducing Dalton's atomic theory that proposed atoms as indivisible building blocks that compose all matter. Later models such as Thomson's electron theory and Rutherford's nuclear theory provided new evidence that overturned previous models. The document describes these historic atomic models, including Bohr's planetary model of electrons orbiting the nucleus. It concludes that modern atomic theory states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views37 pages

    Unit 2

    Uploaded by

    api-487875582
    This document discusses how scientists use models to understand atoms and molecules that cannot be seen directly. It begins by introducing Dalton's atomic theory that proposed atoms as indivisible building blocks that compose all matter. Later models such as Thomson's electron theory and Rutherford's nuclear theory provided new evidence that overturned previous models. The document describes these historic atomic models, including Bohr's planetary model of electrons orbiting the nucleus. It concludes that modern atomic theory states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.

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    Chemistry

    Ms. Doati
    Mrs. Gallardo, Principal
    Bronxwood Preparatory Academy
    October
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Do Now:

    What do you see?

    What do you think is


    going on?

    What do you wonder about?


    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Dalton’s Atomic Theory

    proposed that all matter was


    composed of atoms, indivisible
    and indestructible building
    blocks. While all atoms of an
    element were identical,
    different elements had atoms
    of differing size and mass.
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Thomson's Electron Theory

    discovered the electron by


    experimenting with a Crookes, or
    cathode ray, tube. He demonstrated
    that cathode rays were negatively
    charged.Thomson realized that the
    accepted model of an atom did not
    account for negatively or
    positively charged particles.
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Rutherford‘s nucleus theory

    overturned Thomson's model in 1911


    with his well-known gold foil
    experiment in which he demonstrated
    that the atom has a tiny and heavy
    nucleus. Rutherford designed an
    experiment to use the alpha
    particles emitted by a radioactive
    element as probes to the unseen
    world of atomic structure.
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Bohr (planetary model of
    atom)

    is a planetary model in
    which the negatively-
    charged electrons orbit a
    small, positively-charged
    nucleus similar to the
    planets orbiting the Sun
    (except that the orbits are
    not planar)
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

    Modern atomic theory

    is a scientific theory of the


    nature of matter, which states that
    matter is composed of discrete
    units called atoms
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

    Check for Understanding


    DOK#1: What is the difference between each of the atomic
    models?

    DOK#2: How do each of the models contribute to each other?

    DOK#3: Predict what would happen if science did not progress


    and atoms were still viewed at from the 1st model
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Placemat on each of the different atomic models

    Explain in your own words


    Exit Slip
    Don‘t Know

    Unsure about __________

    Fully Understand
    How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
    level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

    Do Now:

    Draw an atom and label the proton, neutron, and electron

    Turn and Talk

    Class Share Out


    How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
    level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Protons-a stable subatomic particle
    occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a
    positive electric charge equal in
    magnitude to that of an electron, but of
    opposite sign.

    Neutrons-a subatomic particle of about


    the same mass as a proton but without an
    electric charge, present in all atomic
    nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.

    Electrons-a stable subatomic particle


    with a charge of negative electricity,
    found in all atoms and acting as the
    primary carrier of electricity in solids.
    How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
    level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

    Proton= The Atomic Number

    Neutron= Mass Number -Atomic


    Number

    Electron= Same as Proton


    How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
    level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

    DOK#1: What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?

    DOK#2: What makes up the nucleus of an atom? Why?

    DOK#3: How does this new information relate to the atomic


    theory?

    DOK#4: Predict what would happen if there were more neutrons


    in an atom?
    How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
    level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

    Activity:

    Make a model of your assigned Periodic Table Element

    Be sure Label the Protons, neutrons, and electrons


    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

    Do Now: Draw a model of an atom

    Turn and Talk

    Class share out


    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Unit 2 Project: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

    Instructions:

    1. Choose an element from the periodic table


    2. Calculate the number of Neutrons (Mass Number - atomic
    number (protons))
    3. Color code the protons, neutrons, and electrons using the
    beads
    4. Create a 3D model of an atom (Be sure to put protons and
    neutrons in the center and the electrons on the outside)
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Step 1: What is the atomic
    number?

    Step 2: What is the mass


    Number?

    Step 3: What is the formula


    for finding the number of
    neutrons?

    Step 4: Solve for the


    number of neutrons
    Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
    atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

    Check for understanding:

    DOK#1: How can we find the number of neutrons in an atom?

    DOK#2: What are the steps for the project?

    DOK#3: Why is it important to create models of atoms?


    How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
    level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
    Exit Slip:

    Stoplight

    Red (Unsure about…)

    Yellow (Question you have)

    Green (I know…)
    Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
    ingredients?

    Do Now:

    How do we talk about the


    “heaviness” of a liquid?

    Turn and Talk

    Class Share Out


    Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
    ingredients?

    Laws of conservation of
    mass-states that mass in an
    isolated system is neither
    created nor destroyed by
    chemical reactions or
    physical transformations
    Vinegar and Baking Soda Lab formula
    MATTER IS NEITHER CREATED
    NOR DESTROYED
    Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
    ingredients?
    Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
    ingredients?
    Check for Understanding:

    DOK#1: What is the law of the conservation of mass?

    DOK#2: What is an example of the law of the conservation of


    mass?

    DOK#3: Why is it important to know the law of the


    conservation of matter when analyzing chemical reactions?

    DOK#4: Predict what would happen if a chemical equation was


    not balanced
    Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
    ingredients?
    Lab on the conservation of mass Instructions:

    1. Work in pairs
    2. Read the procedure (start with part one the open
    procedure)
    3. One person, take all the materials needed from the table
    in the front (beaker, 1 tablespoon of baking soda and 20
    mL of vinegar)
    4. Make sure you record the mass on the lab before starting
    the second experiment (1 person record and 1 person
    measure)
    Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
    ingredients
    Exit Slip

    Stoplight

    Green ( I know…)

    Yellow (Question)

    Red (Unsure about…)


    How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
    Mass?
    Do Now:

    What is the chemical reaction that we are testing in the


    experiment?

    Turn and Talk

    Class Share Out


    How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
    Mass?
    How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
    Mass?
    Check for Understanding

    DOK#1: What is happening to the bonds in the vinegar and the


    bonds in the baking soda?

    DOK#2: Is this reaction a chemical reaction or a physical


    reaction? Why?

    DOK#3: How does this lab prove the law of the conservation of
    matter?
    How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
    Mass?
    Activity:

    Complete the Lab from yesterday

    Elephant Toothpaste
    How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
    Mass?
    Exit Slip

    Stoplight

    Green (I know…)

    Yellow (Questions)

    Red (Unsure about…)


    How can we explain the idea of multiple Proportions and Constant composition,
    How can we apply that to elements?
    Do Now :

    What do you see?

    What do you think is


    going on?

    What does it make you


    wonder?

    Turn and Talk

    Class Share Out


    How can we explain the idea of multiple Proportions and Constant composition,
    How can we apply that to elements?
    Constant Composition-states that a
    given chemical compound always
    contains its component elements in
    fixed ratio (by mass) and does not
    depend on its source and method of
    preparation.

    Multiple Proportions-statement that


    when two elements combine with each
    other to form more than one
    compound, the weights of one
    element that combine with a fixed
    weight of the other are in a ratio
    of small whole numbers.
    Check for Understanding
    DOK#1: What is the difference between multiple proportions
    and constant composition?

    DOK#2: How can multiple proportions and constant composition


    be applied to elements?
    Activity
    Write out the differences between the law of multiple
    proportions and the constant composition

    Peer Review

    In your group come up with one example of each


    Exit Slip
    Don‘t Know

    Unsure about __________

    Fully Understand
    Level Up
    Try your best

    Extra credit if you finish all the questions

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