Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 23 views

    Health 4 Notes

    Uploaded by

    pazucena
    1. The document provides an overview of patient assessment procedures for emergency responders, including initial assessment, physical exam, ongoing assessment, and specific assessment of vital signs, mental status, and mechanisms of injury. 2. It also reviews procedures for basic life support, including opening the airway, providing rescue breathing and chest compressions, using an AED, and positioning the patient for recovery. 3. Key medical emergencies involving the cardiovascular and neurological systems are summarized, along with signs and symptoms and basic first aid approaches.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Health 4 Notes

    Uploaded by

    pazucena
    23 views60 pages
    1. The document provides an overview of patient assessment procedures for emergency responders, including initial assessment, physical exam, ongoing assessment, and specific assessment of vital signs, mental status, and mechanisms of injury. 2. It also reviews procedures for basic life support, including opening the airway, providing rescue breathing and chest compressions, using an AED, and positioning the patient for recovery. 3. Key medical emergencies involving the cardiovascular and neurological systems are summarized, along with signs and symptoms and basic first aid approaches.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. The document provides an overview of patient assessment procedures for emergency responders, including initial assessment, physical exam, ongoing assessment, and specific assessment of vital signs, mental status, and mechanisms of injury. 2. It also reviews procedures for basic life support, including opening the airway, providing rescue breathing and chest compressions, using an AED, and positioning the patient for recovery. 3. Key medical emergencies involving the cardiovascular and neurological systems are summarized, along with signs and symptoms and basic first aid approaches.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    23 views60 pages

    Health 4 Notes

    Uploaded by

    pazucena
    1. The document provides an overview of patient assessment procedures for emergency responders, including initial assessment, physical exam, ongoing assessment, and specific assessment of vital signs, mental status, and mechanisms of injury. 2. It also reviews procedures for basic life support, including opening the airway, providing rescue breathing and chest compressions, using an AED, and positioning the patient for recovery. 3. Key medical emergencies involving the cardiovascular and neurological systems are summarized, along with signs and symptoms and basic first aid approaches.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 60

    Health 4 Notes

    Sir Daj
    Patient Assessment
    • Scene size-up
    • Initial assessment
    • Focused history and physical exam
    – Vital signs
    – History
    • Detailed physical exam
    • Ongoing assessment
    Body Substance Isolation
    • Assumes all body fluids present a
    possible risk for infection
    • Protective equipment
    – Latex or vinyl gloves should always
    be worn
    – Eye protection
    – Mask
    – Gown
    – Turnout gear
    Scene Safety:
    Potential Hazards
    • Oncoming traffic • Hazardous
    • Unstable surfaces materials
    • Leaking gasoline
    • Other dangers
    • Downed electrical
    lines at crash or
    • Potential for violence rescue scenes
    • Fire or smoke • Crime scenes
    Mechanism of Injury
    • Helps determine the possible extent
    of injuries on trauma patients
    • Evaluate:
    – Amount of force applied to body
    – Length of time force was applied
    – Area of the body involved
    Nature of Illness
    • Search for clues to
    determine the nature of
    illness.
    • Often described by the
    patient’s chief complaint
    • Gather information from
    the patient and people
    on scene.
    • Observe the scene.
    Develop a General Impression
    • Occurs as you approach the scene and
    the patient
    – Assessment of the environment
    – Patient’s chief complaint
    – Presenting signs and symptoms of patient
    Obtaining Consent
    • Introduce self.
    • Ask patient’s name.
    • Obtain consent.
    Chief Complaint
    • Most serious
    problem voiced by
    the patient
    • May not be the
    most significant
    problem present
    Assessing Mental Status
    • Responsiveness
    – How the patient
    responds to
    external stimuli
    • Orientation
    – Mental status and
    thinking ability
    Testing Responsiveness
    • A Alert
    • V Responsive to Verbal stimulus
    • P Responsive to Pain
    • U Unresponsive
    Check Airway
    • Labored breathing
    • Accessory muscles
    • Noisy breathing
    • Cyanosis
    • Rate and depth
    • Air movement
    • Choking
    Unconscious?

    Absence of Breathing?

    Perform BLS!!
    Unresponsive
    but
    BREATHING??

    . . . Continue with the Assessment


    Vital Signs
    Pulse
    Rapid/weak shock, diabetic coma
    Rapid/strong heat stroke,
    hypertension
    Slow/strong stroke, skull fracture
    None cardiac arrest
    Vital Signs
    Respiration
    Shallow shock
    Irregular obstruction
    Wheezing asthma
    None cardiac arrest
    Vital Signs
    Blood Pressure
    < 100 mmHg shock
    > 135 mmHg hypertension
    Skin Temperature
    Hot dry heat exposure
    Cool clammy shock
    Vital Signs

    Pupils
    Constricted drugs, poison
    Unequal concussion, stroke
    Dilated shock, hemorrhage
    Mechanism of Injury
    • Helps determine the possible extent
    of injuries on trauma patients
    • Evaluate:
    – Amount of force applied to body
    – Length of time force was applied
    – Area of the body involved
    Nature of Illness
    • Search for clues to
    determine the nature of
    illness.
    • Often described by the
    patient’s chief complaint
    • Gather information from
    the patient and people
    on scene.
    • Observe the scene.
    Opening The Airway

    Head Tilt Chin Lift Jaw Thrust


    FBAO
    Foreign
    Body
    Airway
    Obstruction
    Types of Obstruction

    Anatomical Mechanical

    Partial Complete Partial Complete


    Partial Complete
    • weak cough • inability to speak

    • wheezing • absence of breath sounds


    • flared nostrils
    • strained breathing
    • restlessness
    • slight cyanosis
    • unresponsive
    First Aid
    • Back blows
    • Heimlich Maneuver
    • Chest Thrusts
    Cardiovascular Emergencies
    A rapid decline in heart
    function due to poor
    blood flow or electrical
    activity.
    LIFE THREATENING!!
    Examples are cardiac
    arrest, heart attack,
    and arrhythmia
    THREE CONDITIONS OF CARDIAC ARREST
    1. Cardio Vascular Collapse
    The heart is still beating but its action is
    so weak that is not being circulated
    through the vascular system to the brain
    body tissues.
    2. Ventricular Fibrillation
    Occurs when the individual fascicles of the
    heart beat independently rather than the
    coordinated, synchronized manner that
    produce rhythmic heart beat.
    3. Cardiac standstill
    It means that the heart has stopped beating.
    Cardiovascular Emergencies

    Heart attack is the death


    of the heart muscle due
    to deficient blood supply.
    Usually mistaken for
    angina pectoris.
    What causes heart
    attack?
    What are the symptoms?

    First Aid?
    1. Check ABCs
    2. Call EMS
    3. If possible, give nitroglycerine
    4. If needed, use AED
    Cardiovascular Emergencies

    Arrhythmia is a broad
    classification of heart
    disorders that pertain to
    irregularity in the sinus
    rhythm
    1. Bradycardia – too slow
    2. Tachycardia – too fast
    Chain of Survival
    Basic Life Support

    A term used to describe the


    first aid procedures
    necessary to sustain life
    when the cardiovascular
    system is compromised.

    determine responsiveness
    Basic Life Support

    A term used to describe the


    first aid procedures
    necessary to sustain life
    when the cardiovascular
    system is compromised.

    activate EMS
    Basic Life Support

    A term used to describe the


    first aid procedures
    necessary to sustain life
    when the cardiovascular
    system is compromised.

    open the airway


    Basic Life Support

    A term used to describe the


    first aid procedures
    necessary to sustain life
    when the cardiovascular
    system is compromised.

    determine breathlessness
    Basic Life Support

    A term used to describe the


    first aid procedures
    necessary to sustain life
    when the cardiovascular
    system is compromised.

    give chest compressions


    Basic Life Support

    A term used to describe the


    first aid procedures
    necessary to sustain life
    when the cardiovascular
    system is compromised.

    give rescue breathing

    5 cycles in 2 minutes
    Basic Life Support

    A term used to describe the


    first aid procedures
    necessary to sustain life
    when the cardiovascular
    system is compromised.

    defibrillate if available
    Basic Life Support

    A term used to describe the


    first aid procedures
    necessary to sustain life recovery position
    when the cardiovascular
    system is compromised.
    When not to give CPR

     Patient has a valid “Do Not Attempt


    Resuscitation” (DNAR) order.

     Signs of irreversible death: Rigor Mortis,


    Decapitation.

     No physiological benefit can be expected


    because the vital functions have
    deteriorated despite maximal therapy.
    When to S.T.O.P. CPR

    SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are restored.

    TURNED over to medical services or properly


    trained and authorized personnel.

    OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot


    continue CPR.

    PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares


    death, take over, etc.).
    Adult Child Infant
    Compression Lower half of the Lower half of Lower half of the
    area sternum 2 fingers the sternum 1 sternum 1 finger
    from the finger from width below the
    substernal notch substernal imaginary nipple
    notch line

    Depth Approximately Approximately 1 Approximately ½


    1½ - 2 inches – 1½ inches - 1 inch

    How to Heels of 1 hand, Heel of one 2 fingers (middle


    Compress other hand on hand & ring fingertips)
    top.

    Rate of Approximately Approximately At least 100/min


    Compression 100/min 100/min
    Automated External Defibrillators are
    medical devices that deliver a controlled
    shock through pads or electrodes placed
    in specific locations on the victim’s chest.

    What is a fibrillation?
    Special Situations
    • if victim is a child . . .
    • if victim is near water . . .
    • if victim has pacemaker . . .
    • if victim has patch over electrode site . . .
    • if victim has hairy chest
    Using an AED
    1.Turn the power ON
    2.Attach the electrodes to the victim’s bare chest
    Using an AED
    3. Be sure no one is touching the victim and
    press ANALYZE
    4. Deliver a SHOCK if indicated
    Neurological Emergencies
    Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident
    • Lack of blood flow to the brain due to a clot
    or a blood vessel rupture
    • Risk factors include gender, age, smoking,
    hypertension, obesity, and diabetes
    • Symptoms include dizziness, confusion,
    slurred speech, sudden numbness, severe
    headache, and trouble seeing
    Neurological Emergencies

    Cerebral Aneurysm
    • Rupture of one of
    the arteries
    supplying the brain
    • Leads to stroke or
    internal bleeding
    Neurological Emergencies
    Subdural Hematoma Epidural Hematoma
    Neurological Emergencies
    Intercranial Hematoma
    • Symptoms include
    headache, dizziness,
    and vomiting
    • Signs include HR
    decrease, BP increase,
    raccoon eyes, battle’s
    sign, and CSF leak
    Neurological Emergencies
    Concussion
    • Temporary disturbance in
    brain function brought about
    by a blow or jolt to the head
    • Symptoms include
    headache, balance problem,
    confusion, and dizzy
    • Signs include
    unconsciousness, amnesia,
    and clumsy
    Neurological Emergencies
    Skull Fracture
    • Trauma to the bony structure that
    protects the brain
    • Could be linear, comminuted,
    depressed, or basilar
    • Watch out for complications!!
    • Signs and symptoms include cushing’s
    triad, nausea, and CSF leak
    Neurological Emergencies
    Cervical Sprain
    Ligaments that
    stabilizes the
    vertebrae to one
    another
    Neurological Emergencies
    Spinal Cord Injury
    • Trauma to the spinal cord
    leading to temporary or
    permanent paralysis
    • C1-C4 paralysis from
    neck
    • C5-C7 paralysis from
    chest
    • T1-T9 paralysis of lower
    extremities
    Neurological Emergencies
    Herniated Disc
    Protrusion of the
    jelly like substance
    that comprises the
    cartilage in between
    vertebrae
    Management
    Steps to Spinal Injury Management
    1.Check consciousness (AVPU)
    2.Manage airway
    3.Perform neurological tests
    4.Apply cervical collar
    5.Log roll into spine board
    Secure Airway
    Assessment

    Neurological Tests for SC


    • Motor (Can you move . . .?)
    • Sensory (Can you feel . . .?)
    • Reflexes (Tap tendons)
    Cervical Collar

    • Use the correct size


    • Do not release cervical
    spine during application
    • Secure airway

    You might also like