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    Bioenergy

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    Angelynne Castro
    This document discusses bioethanol, including what it is, how it is produced, and the enzymes involved. It defines bioethanol as a liquid fuel produced from organic materials through fermentation. The production process involves three main steps: preparation of the substrate through milling/liquefaction and pretreatment, saccharification to convert materials to sugars, and fermentation using yeast to produce ethanol. Key enzymes help break down biomass sources like starches, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Distillation and dehydration are used to recover the bioethanol. Bioethanol is a renewable and more environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline.

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    Bioenergy

    Uploaded by

    Angelynne Castro
    34 views34 pages
    This document discusses bioethanol, including what it is, how it is produced, and the enzymes involved. It defines bioethanol as a liquid fuel produced from organic materials through fermentation. The production process involves three main steps: preparation of the substrate through milling/liquefaction and pretreatment, saccharification to convert materials to sugars, and fermentation using yeast to produce ethanol. Key enzymes help break down biomass sources like starches, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Distillation and dehydration are used to recover the bioethanol. Bioethanol is a renewable and more environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline.

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    This document discusses bioethanol, including what it is, how it is produced, and the enzymes involved. It defines bioethanol as a liquid fuel produced from organic materials through fermentation. The production process involves three main steps: preparation of the substrate through milling/liquefaction and pretreatment, saccharification to convert materials to sugars, and fermentation using yeast to produce ethanol. Key enzymes help break down biomass sources like starches, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Distillation and dehydration are used to recover the bioethanol. Bioethanol is a renewable and more environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views34 pages

    Bioenergy

    Uploaded by

    Angelynne Castro
    This document discusses bioethanol, including what it is, how it is produced, and the enzymes involved. It defines bioethanol as a liquid fuel produced from organic materials through fermentation. The production process involves three main steps: preparation of the substrate through milling/liquefaction and pretreatment, saccharification to convert materials to sugars, and fermentation using yeast to produce ethanol. Key enzymes help break down biomass sources like starches, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Distillation and dehydration are used to recover the bioethanol. Bioethanol is a renewable and more environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline.

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    You are on page 1of 34

    BIOETHANOL

    WHAT IS
    BIOMASS?

    • Organic material
    containing
    bioenergy

    • Largest
    renewable
    energy source in
    use today
    WOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SOLID WASTE
    PRODUCTS
    TYPES OF
    BIOMASS

    LANDFILL GAS ALCOHOL FUELS


    WHAT IS
    BIOENERGY?

    • Renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological


    sources
    BIOENERGY
    CYCLE
    BIOENERGY TYPES
    Traditional – comes mostly from solid biomass
    sources
    Advanced – requires converting biomass into
    liquid or gas form in order to produce electricity
    BIOENERGY

    01 GAS 02 LIQUID 03 SOLID


    BIOENERGY BIOENERGY BIOENERGY
    WHAT IS .
    WHAT IS
    FUEL? BIOFUEL?
    -Fuel which is produced from organic
    -Any materials that store products and wastes
    potential energy in forms -Any hydrocarbon fuel that is produced
    that can be practicably from organic matter in a short period of
    released and used as time
    heat energy.
    THREE BIOFUEL CATEGORIES

    • 1ST GENERATION – FOOD CROPS

    • 2ND GENERATION – CELLULOSIC

    • 3RD GENERATION - ALGAE


    COMMON COMMERCIALLY USED BIOFUELS

    Bioethanol- made from sugar, algae, wheat and sugar beet

    Biodiesel- made from vegetable oil, algal lipids, animal fats

    Biomethane- can be produced from waste organic


    material, sewage, agriculture waste and domestic wastes.
    w H AT IS
    BIOETHANOL?
    -Produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate
    rich source which includes sugar cane, sugar
    beet, corn.
    -It is colorless and clear liquid
    -It is much more environmental friendly.
    -It has lower toxicity level.
    -One of the widely used alternative automotive
    fuel in the world
    -Biodiesel and bioethanol can replace
    conventional diesel/petrol entirely respectively
    w H AT IS
    BIOETHANOL?
    -Biodiesel and bioethanol can be blended with
    diesel/petrol in different proportions
    • Engines require no modification to use 5%
    blends
    • For biodiesel, blends up to 20-30% are
    possible
    • Bioethanol can be used as:
    E85 (85% ethanol, 15% petrol) in
    Flexible Fuel Vehicles
    Additive ETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether)
    up to 15%
    PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL
    • PREPARATION
    • FERMENTATION
    • RECOVERY
    FLOW PROCESS IN BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

    FERMENTATION
    MILLING
    (conversion of DISTILLATION DEHYDRATION
    (sugarcane stem &
    sugar into alcohol, (separation of (azeotropic
    separation of juice
    production of ethanol mixture)
    and bagasse)
    ethanol)
    FLOW PROCESS IN BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
    Starch Cellulose

    Liquefaction Pre-treatment

    Saccharification S. enzyme

    Fermentation Yeast

    Distillation

    BIOETHANOL
    1. PREPARATION OF THE SUBSTRATE
    Liquefaction of cooking (starched-based)
    -to dissolve the water soluble starches
    -Starch is liquefied by steam under pressure at 100 ℃
    -the cooked malt is called mash

    Pretreatment (lignocellulose)
    -enhance the bio-digestibility of the waste for ethanol and increase accessibility of the
    enzyme to the material

    • Physical pretreatment processes employ the mechanical comminution or irradiation


    processes to change only the physical characteristics of biomass.
    • Physico-chemical processes utilizes steam or steam and gases, like SO2 and CO2.
    • Chemical processes employs acids (H2SO4,HCl, organic acids) or alkali (NaOH,
    Na2CO3,Ca(OH)2,NH3)
    • Biological processes it uses fungal enzyme (Ligninases; Laccase, Peroxidases)
    Saccharification
    -conversion of starch/ cellulose to fermentable sugar can be
    carried out by enzyme hydrolysis or by acid hydrolysis.
    Enzymatic hydrolysis:
    a.) α-amylase – produce dextrose
    b.)B amylase- produces maltose
    c.)Gluco amylase- reduce the remaining starch
    Acid hydrolysis:
    -conversion by the action of acid
    -requires acid proof equipment and high temp
    -diluted/ concentrated sulfuric acid(H2SO4) is added to
    grain slurry
    -then immediately neutralized with calcium hydroxide
    2.FERMENTATION
    YEAST

    C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2


    Sugar (e.g. glucose) ethanol carbon dioxide

    -Fed batch fermentation is commonly employed; as it has the ability to


    increase maximum viable cell concentration, prolonged culture life,
    allow product accumulation in high concentration.
    - pH 5, temperature 35°C but the cultures and culture conditions are
    different.
    -large fermenters are used for continuous manufacturing of ethanol.
    - Within 12 days yeast produce 10 % alcohol
    3.RECOVERY

    Distillation
    -Ethanol can be recovered up to 95 percent by successive
    distillations.

    Dehydration
    Azeotropic distillation
    ENZYMES IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
    Sugar

    Invertase
    - an enzyme that catalyzes the
    hydrolysis of sucrose into fructose and
    glucose
    Starches
    Alpha amylase
    – enzyme that is responsible
    for breaking down complex plant
    starches into smaller sugar
    molecules called dextrin.
    Glucoamylase – enzyme
    responsible for converting dextrin
    to fermentable sugars for yeast
    metabolism.
    α-glucosidases-cleave both alpha-1,4
    and alpha-1,6 bonds on the external
    glucose residues of amylose and
    amylopectin from the nonreducing end
    and thus produce only glucose
    β-amylases – cleave
    exclusively alpha-1,4
    bonds produce maltose
    and beta-milit dextrin
    Transferases
    –cleave an alpha-1,4 glucosidic bond
    of the donor molecules and transfer part
    of the donor to a glucosidic acceptor
    Pullulanase
    – a debranching enzyme that act
    exclusively on the alpha 1,6 linkage that
    convert branched polysaccharides into
    small fermentable sugars
    Isoamylase
    – enzymes that debranches
    glycogen completely
    Cellulose
    Cellulase
    –used to convert cellulose
    into glucose
    Hemicellulose
    Xylanases
    -a class of enzyme that degrade
    the linear polysaccharide xylan into
    xylose, thus breaking down
    hemicellulose
    Hemicellulose
    Β-xilosidases
    -main enzyme for production of
    monomeric xylose from solubilized
    xylan fragments
    Lignin
    Laccase- an enzyme use to degrade
    lignin
    Fermentation
    Zymase
    –an enzyme complex that
    catalyzes the fermentation of sugar
    into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
    Thank You for Listening!
    Castro · De Guzman · Aguimbag · Magdirila · N. Collado

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