Clean Up and Flourish or Pile Up and Perish

Bio-medical Waste
Management
“Clean Up and Flourish or Pile

Up and Perish”
What is Bio Medical Waste?
“ Means any waste, which
is generated during the
diagnosis treatment or
immunization of human
being or animals or in
research activities and is
governed by the Bio-
Medical Waste
(Management and
Handling) Rules, 1998.”
Legislation
Biomedical Waste
Management & Handling Rule, 1998
• Came in to force on 28th July,1998
• Prescribed by Ministry of Environment &
Forests, under the Environment Protection
Act of India.
• This rule applies to those who generate,
collect, receive, store, dispose, handle BMW
in any manner
Salient Points Of BMW Rules
• Hospital to set treatment and disposal facility
• Segregation, packaging, transportation, storage
• Authorization
• Annual report
• Maintenance of records
• Accident reporting
Classification
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has classified medical wastes
according to their weight, density and constituents into different
categories. These are:
Why is it essential to have safe & reliable
treatment of “ bio-medical waste”
 Health hazards- spread of infections

 Occupational Hazards
 Hazards to general public
 BMW can cause hazards to animals and
birds too
 Plastic waste can choke animals, which scavenge on open
dumps.
 Risk associated with hazardous drugs, chemicals
Chemical Waste
Cytotoxic Waste
Lab Reagents,
Drugs, discarded
Disinfectants
medicines
TYPES
OF Infectious Waste
Waste Sharps BIOMED Lab cultures, tissues,
waste from isolation
Needles, infusion sets,
scalpels, knives ICAL wards
WASTE
Solid Waste
Animal Waste Plaster casts,
Bleeding parts, catheter, bedding
carcasses
Pathological Waste
Body parts, blood
COLOR CODING & TYPE OF CONTAINERS USED FOR DISPOSAL
OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
COLOR CODING TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT OPTIONS
Yellow Plastic bag Cat 1, 2, 3, 6 Incineration/ deep

burial
Disinfected container/ Cat 3, 6, 7 Autoclaving/
Red plastic bag microwaving/
chemical treatment
Plastic bag/ puncture Cat 4, 7 Autoclaving/

Blue/ white proof container microwaving/
translucent chemical treatment/
destruction/
shredding
Plastic bag Cat 5, 9 and 10 ( solid) Disposal in secured

Black landfill
Proper Labeling Of Bins
The biohazard symbol indicates the nature of
waste to the patients and public.
Points to remember
Chemical treatment is done by using at least 1%

sodium hypochlorite solution and disinfection
must be ensured.
 Mutilation/ shredding should be such so as to
prevent unauthorized reuse.
No chemical pre-treatment before incineration
No chlorinated plastics to be incinerated.
 Deep burial only in areas with less than 5L
people
COTTON
WOOL
WASTE
LIQUID WASTE
DISCARDRED
DRUGS
USED
SYRINGES
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Waste Collection
 Various sources of BMW

collection OperationTheatre,
laboratory, ward kitchen,
corridor etc.
 Bins should be placed in

such a way that 100 %
collection is achieved.
 Sharps must always be

kept in puncture-proof
containers to avoid injuries
and infection to the workers
handling them.
Waste storage
Waste Transportation
 BMW transported in trolleys
 Manual loading should be avoided as far as for as
possible.
 The bags / Container should be tied/ lidded before
transportation.
 Before transporting the bag containing BMWs,
it should be accompanied with a signed document by
Nurse/ Doctor mentioning date, shift, quantity and
destination.
Waste Treatment
Incinerator Chemical Autoclave
Technology options for “ treatment”
FLOW CHART
IRONY
 Only 5- 10% of healthcare institutions in the
country have implemented the rules.
New technology must catch up with the needs
Negligence
Hospital allots meagre resources
Lack of training to class IV employees.

FEW FACTS
Waste generated per bed per day
solid waste = 1kg to 3 kg
liquid waste = 200 – 300 liters
Dept wise break up Waste breakup

Role Of Administrator
He/she has to address the issues of BMW
management from the point of view of :
– Technological feasibility
– Operational practibilty
– Economic adaptability
– As BMW has no revenue value
– Develop BMW policy
References
1. Principles of hospital administration and planning
by BM Sakharkar
2. http://www.expresshealthcaremgmt.com
3. “Manual on hospital waste management”, Central

Pollution Control Board, Delhi, 2000.
Thank You
Questions, Comments And Suggestions
Are Welcome!!!
Presented By- Neha Bhilare.
Bhilare

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Bio-medical Waste

“Clean Up and Flourish or Pile

 Health hazards- spread of infections

Yellow Plastic bag Cat 1, 2, 3, 6 Incineration/ deep

Plastic bag/ puncture Cat 4, 7 Autoclaving/

Plastic bag Cat 5, 9 and 10 ( solid) Disposal in secured

Chemical treatment is done by using at least 1%

 Various sources of BMW

 Bins should be placed in

 Sharps must always be

 BMW transported in trolleys

 Manual loading should be avoided as far as for as

 The bags / Container should be tied/ lidded before

 Before transporting the bag containing BMWs,

it should be accompanied with a signed document by

Nurse/ Doctor mentioning date, shift, quantity and

country have implemented the rules.

New technology must catch up with the needs

Hospital allots meagre resources

Lack of training to class IV employees.

Dept wise break up Waste breakup

3. “Manual on hospital waste management”, Central

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