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    Cell Theory

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    Ronalyn Ramos Castro
    The document summarizes the history and development of Cell Theory. It describes how Hooke first observed cells in plant samples in 1665. Later, Schleiden and Schwann established that plants and animals are composed of cells. Virchow determined that new cells arise from existing cells. Together these led to the three main points of Cell Theory: all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic functional units; new cells arise from existing cells. Improved microscopes then allowed detailed study of cellular structures and organelles. Cells were found to have complex internal machinery. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei while eukaryotic cells have nuclei and internal membranes, making them more complex.

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    Cell Theory

    Uploaded by

    Ronalyn Ramos Castro
    196 views12 pages
    The document summarizes the history and development of Cell Theory. It describes how Hooke first observed cells in plant samples in 1665. Later, Schleiden and Schwann established that plants and animals are composed of cells. Virchow determined that new cells arise from existing cells. Together these led to the three main points of Cell Theory: all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic functional units; new cells arise from existing cells. Improved microscopes then allowed detailed study of cellular structures and organelles. Cells were found to have complex internal machinery. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei while eukaryotic cells have nuclei and internal membranes, making them more complex.

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    The document summarizes the history and development of Cell Theory. It describes how Hooke first observed cells in plant samples in 1665. Later, Schleiden and Schwann established that plants and animals are composed of cells. Virchow determined that new cells arise from existing cells. Together these led to the three main points of Cell Theory: all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic functional units; new cells arise from existing cells. Improved microscopes then allowed detailed study of cellular structures and organelles. Cells were found to have complex internal machinery. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei while eukaryotic cells have nuclei and internal membranes, making them more complex.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    196 views12 pages

    Cell Theory

    Uploaded by

    Ronalyn Ramos Castro
    The document summarizes the history and development of Cell Theory. It describes how Hooke first observed cells in plant samples in 1665. Later, Schleiden and Schwann established that plants and animals are composed of cells. Virchow determined that new cells arise from existing cells. Together these led to the three main points of Cell Theory: all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic functional units; new cells arise from existing cells. Improved microscopes then allowed detailed study of cellular structures and organelles. Cells were found to have complex internal machinery. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei while eukaryotic cells have nuclei and internal membranes, making them more complex.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Cell Theory

    Historical Background - Hooke


    • Term “cell” first used by
    Robert Hooke (1665,
    England)
    • He looked at cork plant
    samples through an early
    compound microscope
    • The empty cork chambers he
    called cells.
    • Also made great discoveries
    in physics, chemistry,
    astronomy and architecture
    Historical Background -
    Leeuwenhoek
    • Dutch, mid-1600’s
    • Father of Microbiology
    • Perfected early microscopes
    and their use
    • Discovered single-celled
    organisms
    • First to make many
    observations at the cellular
    level: bacteria, muscle fibers,
    blood flow, etc…
    Historical Background –
    Germans
    • 1838 – Schleiden: all plants are made of
    cells
    • 1839 – Schwann: all animals are made of
    cells
    • 1855 – Virchow: new cells can only
    emerge from two previous cells dividing
    • All of these discoveries lead to the Cell
    Theory
    Cell Theory
    Cell Theory basically states 3 things:
    1) All living things are composed of cells
    (some unicellular, some multi-cellular)
    2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and
    function in living things
    (Different cell types look and function
    differently)
    3) New cells are produced from existing
    cells
    (different types of cell division)
    New discoveries…
    • Cellular structure and
    function is very complex
    • Cells seem to have their
    own machinery
    • Organelles work together
    to make the cell a small
    factory – more complex
    and efficient than any
    human factory
    • Discoveries made possible
    by better microscopes,
    biochemistry, DNA
    research
    Better Scopes
    • Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM’s):
    electrons pass through thins slices of
    specimens to create the image
    • TEM’s show cell structure and protein
    molecule structure
    • Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM’s):
    electrons bounce off specimen to create a 3-
    D image
    Electron microscopes can only work in a
    vacuum so only non-living, preserved
    specimens can be used
    Pollen under SEM
    Better Scopes
    • Scanning Probe
    Microscopes developed
    in 1990’s use a probe
    instead of an electron
    beam
    • Can even show images
    at atomic level
    • Vacuum not necessary
    • Used to show protein
    structure, DNA, other
    cellular structures
    Arrangement
    of atoms on
    silicon
    surface
    Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
    • All cells are bound by a cell membrane and at
    some point carry DNA
    • Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus to hold the
    DNA
    • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus as well as
    other internal membranes
    • Eukaryotic cells are more complex
    • Eukaryotic cells are generally larger
    • Bacteria – Prokaryotic,
    • Most others – Eukaryotic

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