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    The Philippines in The 19th Century

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    Jenny Yen
    The document summarizes the social, political, educational, and economic conditions in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. The highest social class was made up of Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) and friars. Natives, mestizos, and criollos comprised the middle class, while indios (poor Filipinos) were the lowest class. Politically, there was corruption and abuse of power among Spanish officials. Education emphasized religious teachings and was controlled by friars, limiting the curriculum. Economic development increased through international trade, but nationalism grew due to liberal ideas from Europe and reforms under the liberal regime of Carlos Maria Dela Torre in the late 1860s.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Philippines in The 19th Century

    Uploaded by

    Jenny Yen
    525 views16 pages
    The document summarizes the social, political, educational, and economic conditions in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. The highest social class was made up of Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) and friars. Natives, mestizos, and criollos comprised the middle class, while indios (poor Filipinos) were the lowest class. Politically, there was corruption and abuse of power among Spanish officials. Education emphasized religious teachings and was controlled by friars, limiting the curriculum. Economic development increased through international trade, but nationalism grew due to liberal ideas from Europe and reforms under the liberal regime of Carlos Maria Dela Torre in the late 1860s.

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    The document summarizes the social, political, educational, and economic conditions in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. The highest social class was made up of Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) and friars. Natives, mestizos, and criollos comprised the middle class, while indios (poor Filipinos) were the lowest class. Politically, there was corruption and abuse of power among Spanish officials. Education emphasized religious teachings and was controlled by friars, limiting the curriculum. Economic development increased through international trade, but nationalism grew due to liberal ideas from Europe and reforms under the liberal regime of Carlos Maria Dela Torre in the late 1860s.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    525 views16 pages

    The Philippines in The 19th Century

    Uploaded by

    Jenny Yen
    The document summarizes the social, political, educational, and economic conditions in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. The highest social class was made up of Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) and friars. Natives, mestizos, and criollos comprised the middle class, while indios (poor Filipinos) were the lowest class. Politically, there was corruption and abuse of power among Spanish officials. Education emphasized religious teachings and was controlled by friars, limiting the curriculum. Economic development increased through international trade, but nationalism grew due to liberal ideas from Europe and reforms under the liberal regime of Carlos Maria Dela Torre in the late 1860s.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    The

    Philippines
    in the 19th
    Century

    Prepared by: Gwynette D. Baybay


    College of Teacher Education
    University of the Cordilleras
    Social Structure

    1. Highest class
    - have the power and authority to rule over the Filipinos
    Peninsulares- Spaniards who were born in Spain
    Friars - members of any of certain religious orders of
    men, especially the four mendicant orders (Augustinians,
    Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans)
    Social Structure

    2. Middle Class – the people that belongs into this class


    includes the natives, mestizos and the criollos.
    → Natives – the pure Filipinos
    →Mestizos – Filipinos with foreign blood
    Social Structure

    3. Lowest class – this class includes the Filipinos only.


    → Indios - poor people having pure blood Filipino which
    are ruled by the Spaniards.
    Political System and the Sources of
    Abuses in the Administrative System

    1. inferior qualifications – absence of moral values


    2. functions of the church and state – too complicated
    3. manner of obtaining the position – through highest bidding
    4. term of office – dependent to the King of the country
    Political System and the Sources of
    Abuses in the Administrative System

    5. Distance of the colony - Spanish officials traveled to various places


    - inadequate support
    - overlapping of powers and privileges of officials
    6. personal interest over the welfare of the State
    7. Corruption
    - Alcalde/Alcadias- most corrupt
    - administrators, judges and military commandants
    - indulto para comerciar – monopoly trade
    Educational System

    1. Overemphasis on religious matters - friars conducted


    many of the executive and control functions of
    government on the local level
    2. Obsolete teaching methods – outdated
    Educational System

    3. Limited curriculum
    primary level – Christian Doctrines
    - reading of the Spanish book and a little of the native
    language
    - Science and Mathematics – not prioritized
    - Latin
    4. Poor classroom facilities
    Educational System

    5. Poor classroom facilities


    6. Absence of teaching materials
    8. Absence of academic freedom
    - learning is by rote
    - knowledge was measured in the ability of the students to
    memorize
    Educational System

    9. Prejudice against Filipinos in the schools of higher learning


    - education was priviledged entirely to the Spanish students
    10. Friar control over the system
    - friars own schools
    - missionaries took charge in teaching
    Economic Development and the
    Rise of Filipino Nationalism

    – opened to foreign trade at the end of the 18th century


    – stimulated agricultural production and export of sugar,
    rice hemp and tobacco
    – number of families prospered from foreign commerce
    and trade
    – Filipinos who were educated abroad were able to absorb
    the intellectual development in Europe
    Factors Contributed to the
    Development of Filipino Nationalism

    1. Opening of the Philippines to International Trade and the Rise of the Middle
    Class
    - Manila was opened to foreign trade → prosperity of Filipinos and
    Chinese mestizos
    2. Influx of European Liberalism
    – Ideas of the enlightened philosophers like John Locke and Jean Jacques
    Rosseau, masonry and the French Revolution reached the Philippines.
    – Liberty, religious freedom, democracy, human rights such as suffrage, freedom
    of speech, press and form associations and assemblies
    Factors Contributed to the
    Development of Filipino Nationalism

    3. Opening of the Suez Canal on November 17, 1869


    Results:
    a. Philippines became closer to Europe and Spain
    b. encouraged European travelers to come to our country
    c. exodus of literal ideas from Europe to the Philippines
    d. more educated and young Filipinos were able to study
    abroad
    Spanish Revolution of 1868 and the
    Liberal Regime of Carlos Maria Dela
    Torre(1869-1871)
    - Glorious September Revolution of 1868:
    Queen Isabela II was overthrown
    resulting to the rise of liberalism in Spain
    - Generals Juan Prim and Francisco Serrano
    appointed de la Torre
    - dismissal of alabaderos
    Accomplishments

    1. abolished censorship of the press and allowed unlimited


    discussions of political problems and proclaimed freedom of
    speech
    2. abolished flogging as a punishment
    3. curtailed abuses particularly the tribute and the polo
    4. allowed secular priests to be assigned to vacant parishes or
    seminaries and created an office which would prevent abuses by
    members of the regular religious orders
    Accomplishments

    5. reformed the Royal Audiencia to bring about speedier


    administration of justice
    6. decreed educational reforms, ordered the setting up of
    medical, pharmacy, and vocational schools
    7. created the Council of the Philippines on December 4,
    1870 which was a consultative body to study Philippine
    problems and propose solutions to them.

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