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    02 ESP Genesis

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    Alvin Gacer
    The document discusses the origins and timeline of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It traces ESP back to the Greek and Roman empires and discusses how it emerged in the late 1940s due to technological and economic changes that increased the global demand for English. ESP further developed in the 1960s as more learners sought to learn English for practical purposes. The oil crisis of the 1970s and countries' needs to update knowledge also contributed to the growth of ESP.

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    02 ESP Genesis

    Uploaded by

    Alvin Gacer
    424 views25 pages
    The document discusses the origins and timeline of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It traces ESP back to the Greek and Roman empires and discusses how it emerged in the late 1940s due to technological and economic changes that increased the global demand for English. ESP further developed in the 1960s as more learners sought to learn English for practical purposes. The oil crisis of the 1970s and countries' needs to update knowledge also contributed to the growth of ESP.

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    The document discusses the origins and timeline of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It traces ESP back to the Greek and Roman empires and discusses how it emerged in the late 1940s due to technological and economic changes that increased the global demand for English. ESP further developed in the 1960s as more learners sought to learn English for practical purposes. The oil crisis of the 1970s and countries' needs to update knowledge also contributed to the growth of ESP.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    424 views25 pages

    02 ESP Genesis

    Uploaded by

    Alvin Gacer
    The document discusses the origins and timeline of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It traces ESP back to the Greek and Roman empires and discusses how it emerged in the late 1940s due to technological and economic changes that increased the global demand for English. ESP further developed in the 1960s as more learners sought to learn English for practical purposes. The oil crisis of the 1970s and countries' needs to update knowledge also contributed to the growth of ESP.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    In the beginning God created

    the heavens and the earth.


    Now the earth was formless
    and empty, darkness was
    over the surface of the deep,
    and the Spirit of God was
    hovering over the waters.
    (Genesis 1:1-2)
    Review
    1) What makes ESP one of the most active
    branches of Applied Linguistics?
    The emergence of English as a world language, hence
    the need to cope with the different situations and needs.
    2) How do linguists define ESP?
    According to linguists, ESP is generally used to refer to
    the teaching of English for a clearly practical purpose.
    3) Why do the students study English?
    To help them build up the needed abilities in order to use
    them in a specific field of inquiry, occupation, or
    workplace.
    Focus Questions
    • What are the most common rationales for
    the English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
    emergence?
    • What are the timeline contributing to the
    origin of ESP?
    Introduction
    • The origins of teaching Language for Specific
    Purposes (LSP) can be traced as far back as the
    Greek and Roman empires (Dudley-Evans and St.
    Johns, 1998:1).
    • In the same vein, Strevens (1977) stated that the
    history of LSP goes back to “at least half a century”.
    • For Hutchinson and Waters (1987:6) “ESP was not a
    planned and coherent movement, but rather a
    phenomenon that grew out of a number of
    converging trends”.
    Definition of Terms
    • Inexorably • Engenders • Corpora
    (Slide 10) (Slide 10) (Slide 13)
    a) Coerced a) Leads a) Organs
    b) Certainly b) Produces b) Groups
    c) Unavailability c) Gives Way c) Bodies
    d) Intoxicated d) Encompasses d) Flocks
    Reasons for
    ESP Emergence
    Reasons for ESP
    Emergence
    • The latter have functioned and operated in diverse ways
    around the world, “but we can identify three main
    reasons common to the emergence of all ESP”
    (Hutchinson and Waters, 1987:6):

    1) The Demands of a Brave New World


    2) A Revolution in Linguistics, and
    3) A New Focus on the Learner
    The Demands of a
    Brave New World
    • After 1945, the New World knew an age of massive and
    unprecedented growth in all the activities especially the
    economic, technical and scientific ones dominated by
    two divergent forces, inexorably it engenders a
    demand for an international language, and this
    responsibility was accredited to English for various
    reasons.
    The Demands of a
    Brave New World
    • Consequently, “…it created a new generation of
    learners who knew specifically why they were
    learning a language…” (Hutchinson and Waters
    (1987:6) aiming at fulfilling the daily needs which
    consisted in the comprehension of the simplest
    brochure or manuals to most complicated genres of
    discourses as law texts and scientific articles.
    A Revolution in
    Linguistics
    • Some linguists, being aware of the world changes,
    began to focus their studies on the ways in which
    language is used in real situations.
    • Traditional approach in language study centered the
    attention on the grammatical rules governing the
    language usage, though it was found that the
    discourses varies according to the contexts, it was
    necessary to reorganize the teaching and learning
    methodologies and make the specific features of
    each situation the basis of learner’s courses.
    A Revolution in
    Linguistics
    • The English used by doctors, linguists or officers is not
    based on the same terminological terms consequently,
    the teaching and learning process was directed on the
    basis of the use of specific corpora for each field.
    A New Focus on the
    Learner
    • In the same period learner’s motivation towards
    acquiring a foreign language was the subject study of
    the educational psychologists, who noticed the use of
    different learning strategies by learners; they have
    different attitudes, needs and interests.
    • The idea was based on the statement of, “tell me what
    you need English for and I will tell you the English you
    need”. It was a natural expansion of this philosophy to
    plan special courses for each range of specific learners.
    A New Focus on the
    Learner
    • Strevens (1977:152) notes: “...the existence of a major
    tide in the educational thought, in all counties and
    affecting all subjects. The movement referred to is the
    global trend towards learner-centered education”.
    ESP Origin
    Timeline
    ESP Origin Timeline
    (Late 1940s)
    • Two forces were dominating the new post-war
    world – technology and commerce, whose relentless
    progress soon generated a demand for an international
    language and, due to the economic power of the U.S. it
    was English which was granted this role.
    ESP Origin Timeline
    (1960s)
    • The emerging of a new mass of people wanting to
    learn English – the key to international currencies of
    technology and commerce. This mass of people joined
    together particularly new generations of learners who
    knew specifically what they were to learn and why.
    ESP Origin Timeline
    (Early 1970s)
    • The Oil Crises of the early 1970s involved a massive
    flow of funds and western expertise into the oil-rich
    countries. Therefore, English suddenly turned into ‘big
    business’ and, on the other hand, commercial pressures
    began to exert an influence in the acquisition of this
    language. Time and money constraints created a need
    for cost effective courses with accurately specific goals.
    ESP Origin Timeline
    (Late 1970s)
    • The need for several countries to update their
    knowledge. Therefore, ESP came into being and
    gradually developed into a multilayered language
    approach primarily based on learners’ specific needs
    required by their professions or occupations. The
    domain labeled ESP was proven to have a universal
    dimension through the concept of language for specific
    purposes and a language-specific perspective through
    the insights explored into various European languages.
    ESP Origin Timeline
    1) Technology and Commerce
    2) People Who Wanted to Learn English
    3) Oil Crises of the Early 1970s
    4) Country Need to Update their Knowledge
    Conclusion
    • Like the world, language study and concepts of
    education fundamentally changed, the English language
    teaching changed with it, and knew the birth of
    teaching English for Specific Purposes which is
    considered as the direct result of the world
    evolution. However, ESP is seen differently by the
    scholars in terms of its characteristics and functionality.
    Focus Questions
    • What are the most common rationales for
    the English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
    emergence?
    • What are the timeline contributing to the
    origin of ESP?
    References
    • Ahmed, Mohammad Kaosar. Factors of ESP Origin.
    Department of English Language and Literature
    International Islamic University Chittagong. ESP World.
    http://www.espworld.info/Articles_42/Documents/Ahme
    d.pdf
    • www.google.com/images

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