P H Y S I C S

- objects move both in vertical (y

coordinate) and horizontal (x
coordinate) directions
at the same time.

Y
X
 P H Y S I C S

- is the motion of the object thrown or

projected into the air, and it moves along a
curve path or parabola under the influence of
gravity only. The object is called the projectile,
and its path is called the trajectory.
NOTE: we will assume that the air resistance is
negligible.
 P H Y S I C S

since the gravitational force pulls downward,

gravity will only affect the vertical component of the
velocity (Vy). The horizontal component of the
velocity (Vx) will remain unaffected and stays
constant.

Y X
X Y
 P H Y S I C S

- analyze the motion in each direction

separately. We will use one set of equations
to describe the horizontal motion and
another set of equations to describe the
vertical motion.
 P H Y S I C S
The Horizontal and Vertical Components of Projectile Motion
Quantity Horizontal Vertical
Acceleration ax = 0 ay = g
v0x = v0 cosѲ v0y = v0 sinѲ
Velocity
vx = v0x vy = v0y + ayt
dy = v0yt + 1/2ayt2
Displacement dx = vxt
2aydy = vy2 – v0y2
 P H Y S I C S

x = horizontal distance (m)

y = vertical distance (m)
v = velocity (m/s)
Vx = horizontal velocity (m/s)
Vy = vertical velocity (m/s)
Vox = initial horizontal velocity (m/s)
Voy = initial vertical velocity (m/s)
t = time (s)
g/ay = acceleration to gravity (9.8 m/s²)
 P H Y S I C S

Velocity is a vector quantity and must be broken into

two components with the use of trigonometric
functions.
Sine = opposite
hypotenuse

Cosine = adjacent
hypotenuse

Tangent = opposite
adjacent
 P H Y S I C S

V= Voy² + Vox²
 P H Y S I C S

Problem 1: A body is projected with a velocity of 20 m/s at

50o to the horizontal. Find
a. Maximum height reached
b. Time of flight
c. Range of the projectile and
d. Magnitude of the velocity before it hits the ground

Time of flight = ?

20m/s Magnitude of velocity before

it hits the ground = ?
Hmax = ?
50°

r=?
 P H Y S I C S

Problem 1: A body is projected with a velocity of 20 m/s at

50o to the horizontal.
Horizontal Components Vertical Components
Vx = cosØVo Voy = sinØVo
Vx =cos50°(20m/s) Voy = sin50°(20m/s)
Vox = 12.86 m/s Voy = 15.32 m/s

g = 9.8 m/s²

Voy = 15.32 m/s

Vox = 18.13 m/s

 P H Y S I C S

Problem 1: An object is launched at a velocity of 20

m/s in a direction making an angle of 50° upward
with the horizontal.

a. Maximum height reached

d = Vy2 - Voy²
2g
= 0-(15.32m/s)²
2(-9.8 m/s²)
= -234.70 m²/s²
-19.6 m/s²
maximum height =
 P H Y S I C S

Problem 1: An object is launched at a velocity of 20

m/s in a direction making an angle of 50° upward
with the horizontal.

b. Time of flight
t = Vy-Voy
g
= 0-15.32 m/s
-9.8 m/s²
t = 1.56 s
Tt = 2 (1.56 s)
Total time= 3.126 s
 P H Y S I C S

Problem 1: An object is launched at a velocity of 20

m/s in a direction making an angle of 50° upward
with the horizontal.

c. Range of the projectile and

R = VoxTt
= (12.86 m/s) (3.126 s)
Range = 40.2 m
 P H Y S I C S
Problem 1: An object is launched at a velocity of 20 m/s in a
direction making an angle of 50° upward with the horizontal.

d. Magnitude of the velocity before it hits the

ground
Vg = Voy² + Vox²

= (15.32 m/s)² + (12.86 m/s)²

= 234.70 m²/s² + 165.37 m²/s²

= 400 m²/s²

Vg = 20 m/s
 P H Y S I C S

Problem 1: An object is launched at a velocity of 20 m/s in a

direction making an angle of 50° upward with the horizontal.

t = 1.56 s

Vo =20m/s
Total time= 3.126 s
Hmax= 11.97 m
50
Vg = 20 m/s

Range = 40.2 m
 P H Y S I C S
Problem 2: A canon fires horizontally with a speed of 8.31 m/s
from the top of the cliff of height 23.0 m. Find
a. Time of flight
b. Range of the projectile

Vx = 8.31 m/s

H = - 23.0 m

R=?
 P H Y S I C S
Problem 2: A canon fires horizontally with a speed of 8.31 m/s
from the top of the cliff of height 23.0 m. Find
a. Time of flight
b. Range of the projectile

Horizontal Components Vertical Components

Vx = 8.31 m/s Vy = 0
g = - 9.8 m/s²
H = - 23.0 m
 P H Y S I C S
Problem 2: A canon fires horizontally with a speed of 8.31 m/s
from the top of the cliff of height 23.0 m. Find
a. Time of flight
b. Range of the projectile

T= 2d
g

= 2(-23.0m)
-9.8 m/s² T= 2.17 s

= -46 m
-9.8 m/s²

= 4.69 s²
 P H Y S I C S
Problem 2: A canon fires horizontally with a speed of 8.31 m/s
from the top of the cliff of height 23.0 m. Find
a. Time of flight
b. Range of the projectile

R = VxT
= (8.31 m/s) (2.17 s)
Range = 18.0327 m
 P H Y S I C S
Problem 2: A canon fires horizontally with a speed of 8.31 m/s
from the top of the cliff of height 23.0 m. Find
a. Time of flight
b. Range of the projectile

Vx = 8.31 m/s

Time of flight = T= 2.17 s

H = - 23.0 m

Range = 18.0327 m
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
1. A football is kicked with a velocity of 20.0 m/s
at an angle of 300 with the horizontal. Find:
a. The horizontal and vertical components of its
initial velocity
b. The time it took to reach its maximum height
c. The time of flight
d. The maximum height it reached and
e. The range it traveled
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
1. A football is kicked with a velocity of 20.0 m/s at an
angle of 300 with the horizontal. Find:
a. The horizontal and vertical components of its
initial velocity

Vox = cosѲ Vo Voy = sinѲ Vo

= cos 30(20m/s) = sin 30(20m/s)
= 17.32 m/s = 10 m/s
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
1. A football is kicked with a velocity of 20.0 m/s at an
angle of 300 with the horizontal. Find:
b. The time it took to reach its maximum height
c. The time of flight

𝑉𝑦 −𝑉𝑜𝑦
t= T = 2t
𝑔
𝑚
= 2 (1.02s)
0−(10 ) = 2.04s
𝑠
=
− 9.8 𝑚/𝑠2

= 1.02 s
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
1. A football is kicked with a velocity of 20.0 m/s
at an angle of 300 with the horizontal. Find:
d. The maximum height it reached and
𝑉𝑦 2 −𝑉𝑜𝑦 2
𝑑=
2𝑔

0 − 10 𝑚/𝑠 2
= 𝑚 dy = 5.10 m
2(−9.8 2)
𝑠

= -100 m2/s2
- 19.6 m/s2
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
1. A football is kicked with a velocity of 20.0 m/s
at an angle of 300 with the horizontal. Find:
e. The range it traveled

R = Vxt
= (17.32 m/s)(2.04s)
= 35.33 m
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
2. A ball thrown horizontally from the edge of the
top of a building 49.0 m high strikes the ground
24.5 m from the foot of the building. Find:
a. The time it takes the ball to reach the ground
b. The initial velocity of the ball, and
c. The velocity just before the ball strikes the
ground.
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
2. A ball thrown horizontally from the edge of the top of a
building 49.0 m high strikes the ground 24.5 m from
the foot of the building. Find:
a. The time it takes the ball to reach the ground
2𝑑
T=
𝑔

2 (−49.0 𝑚) = 3.16 s
=
−9.8 𝑚/𝑠2

−98 𝑚
=
−9.8 𝑚/𝑠2
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
2. A ball thrown horizontally from the edge of the top of a
building 49.0 m high strikes the ground 24.5 m from
the foot of the building. Find:
b. The initial velocity of the ball, and

𝑑𝑥
Vx =
𝑡
24.5 𝑚
=
3.16 𝑠

= 7.75 m/s
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
2.A ball thrown horizontally from the edge of the top of a
building 49.0 m high strikes the ground 24.5 m from the foot
of the building. Find:
c. The velocity just before the ball strikes the ground.
Vy = Voy + gt
= 0 + (-9.8 m/s2)(3.16 s)
= - 30.97 m/s

𝑣= 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2
= 7.75 𝑚/𝑠 2 + −30.97 𝑚/𝑠 2

= 31.92 m/s
 P H Y S I C S
Exercises:
3. John kicks the ball and ball does projectile
motion with an angle of 530 to horizontal. Its
initial velocity is 10m/s. Find:
a. The maximum height it can reach
b. The horizontal displacement
c. The total time required for this motion
 P H Y S I C S

THANK YOU !!!

 P H Y S I C S

DESCRIPTION FORMULA
Horizontal Distance X = Vxt
X = Vo²sin2Ø
g
Horizontal velocity Vx = Vox
Vertical distance y = Voyt - 1/2gt²
Vertical velocity c
Time of flight t = 2VosinØ
2g
t = Voy t = 2H
g g
Maximum height reached Hmax = Vo²sinØ
g
Hmax = Voy²
2g