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Trigonometric Powers

This document provides examples of integrals involving trigonometric functions. It covers 9 cases: 1) Integrals of sines and cosines to odd powers 2) Integrals involving sines and cosines with one odd exponent 3) Integrals of sines and cosines to even powers 4) Integrals of tangents and cotangents to integer powers 5) Integrals of secants and cosecants to even powers 6) Integrals involving secants/cosecants and tangents/cotangents 7) Integrals involving secants/cosecants and tangents/cotangents to odd powers 8) Integrals of secants and cosecants

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Jasmin Pagpaguitan
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55 views29 pages

Trigonometric Powers

This document provides examples of integrals involving trigonometric functions. It covers 9 cases: 1) Integrals of sines and cosines to odd powers 2) Integrals involving sines and cosines with one odd exponent 3) Integrals of sines and cosines to even powers 4) Integrals of tangents and cotangents to integer powers 5) Integrals of secants and cosecants to even powers 6) Integrals involving secants/cosecants and tangents/cotangents 7) Integrals involving secants/cosecants and tangents/cotangents to odd powers 8) Integrals of secants and cosecants

Uploaded by

Jasmin Pagpaguitan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integrals of Power of

SINE & COSINE


Engr. Joeydann M. Telin
CASE 1
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
where n is a positive odd integer.

For
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥)(sin x dx)
𝑛−1
2
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) ( 2
) (sin x dx)
𝑛−1
= (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) 2 (sin x dx)
Evaluate

1. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ‫ 𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
CASE 2

න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Where at least one of the exponent is positive odd integer

(i) If n is odd,
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x dx = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x (sin x dx)
𝑛−1
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)( 2 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x (sin x dx)
𝑛−1
= (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x (sin x dx)
(ii) If m is odd,
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x dx = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚−1 x (cos x dx)
𝑚−1
𝑛 2 ( 2 )
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 x(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) (cos x dx)
𝑚−1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 x(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)( 2
) (cos x dx)
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥


2. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 in two ways
CASE 3
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
(iii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑐 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬
Where both m and n are positive even integers
(i) Factor
𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)( ) dx
2

1− cos 2𝑥 𝑛
= ( )2 dx
2
(ii) Factor
𝑚
𝑚 2 (
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) dx
2
)
1+ cos 2𝑥 𝑚
= ( ) 2 dx
2
(iii) Factor
𝑛 𝑚
𝑛 𝑚 ( )2 2 ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 x dx = (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) dx
2 2

1− cos 2𝑥 𝑛 1+ cos 2𝑥 𝑚
= ( )2 ( ) 2 dx
2 2
Evaluate

1. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ‫ 𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Integrals of Power of
TANGENT, COTANGENT, SECANT,
COSECANT
CASE 4
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
where n is a positive integer.

(i) Factor
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 dx

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)dx


(i) Factor
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥dx
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛−2 𝑥 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)dx
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ‫ 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬4 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
CASE 5
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬
where n is a positive even integer.

(i) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛−2 𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)


𝑛−2
2
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) ( 2
) (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−2
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
(ii) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛−2 𝑥)(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−2
2
= (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥) ( 2
) (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−2
= (𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
Evaluate:

1. ‫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬6 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
CASE 6
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
Where m is positive even integer.

(i) Factor
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚 x dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚−2 𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑚−2
𝑛 2 ( 2 )
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑚−2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
(ii) Factor
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚 x dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚−2 𝑥(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑚−2
𝑛 2 ( 2 )
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥) (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑚−2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬5 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥


2. ‫ 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
CASE 7
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
Where n & m is a positive odd integer.

(i) Factor
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚 x dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−1
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)( 2 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−1
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) 2 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
(
(ii) Factor
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚 x dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥 (csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−1
= (𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥)( 2 ) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥(csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−1
= (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) 2 ) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥(csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
(
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬5 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 7 𝑥 𝑑𝑥


CASE 8
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬
Where n is a positive odd integer.

Apply integration by parts


(i) Let u = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛−2 x and dv = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(ii) Let u = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛−2 x and dv = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate:

1. ‫ 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
CASE 9
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
Where n is a positive even integer and m is a positive odd integer.

(i) Factor
𝑛
𝑛 𝑚 ( )
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 x dx = (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 2
𝑛
( )
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
(ii) Factor
𝑛
𝑛 𝑚 2 (
2
)
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 x dx = (𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑛
( )
= (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 − 1) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥


SEAT WORK
4
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥

2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋𝑥
න 6
𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋𝑥

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