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    Elementary Pump Theory

    Uploaded by

    Sulaksha Wimalasena
    The document summarizes elementary pump theory, including: 1) It discusses the flow of water through pump blades and introduces various velocity components to describe the motion, including the absolute circumferential and radial velocities of water. 2) Equations are presented that relate the power delivered by a pump to the rotor-tip and absolute fluid velocities, allowing power to be calculated independently of axial velocities. 3) The continuity equation for a pump is described, allowing its power to be expressed in terms of inlet/outlet blade widths and velocities, which can be used to calculate design flow rate if the inlet flow angle is known.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Elementary Pump Theory

    Uploaded by

    Sulaksha Wimalasena
    87 views16 pages
    The document summarizes elementary pump theory, including: 1) It discusses the flow of water through pump blades and introduces various velocity components to describe the motion, including the absolute circumferential and radial velocities of water. 2) Equations are presented that relate the power delivered by a pump to the rotor-tip and absolute fluid velocities, allowing power to be calculated independently of axial velocities. 3) The continuity equation for a pump is described, allowing its power to be expressed in terms of inlet/outlet blade widths and velocities, which can be used to calculate design flow rate if the inlet flow angle is known.

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    The document summarizes elementary pump theory, including: 1) It discusses the flow of water through pump blades and introduces various velocity components to describe the motion, including the absolute circumferential and radial velocities of water. 2) Equations are presented that relate the power delivered by a pump to the rotor-tip and absolute fluid velocities, allowing power to be calculated independently of axial velocities. 3) The continuity equation for a pump is described, allowing its power to be expressed in terms of inlet/outlet blade widths and velocities, which can be used to calculate design flow rate if the inlet flow angle is known.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    87 views16 pages

    Elementary Pump Theory

    Uploaded by

    Sulaksha Wimalasena
    The document summarizes elementary pump theory, including: 1) It discusses the flow of water through pump blades and introduces various velocity components to describe the motion, including the absolute circumferential and radial velocities of water. 2) Equations are presented that relate the power delivered by a pump to the rotor-tip and absolute fluid velocities, allowing power to be calculated independently of axial velocities. 3) The continuity equation for a pump is described, allowing its power to be expressed in terms of inlet/outlet blade widths and velocities, which can be used to calculate design flow rate if the inlet flow angle is known.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 16

    Elementary

    Pump Theory

    Dr. P. I. Ayantha Gomes

    1
    2
    Water out Do always water in and out
    over a blade is like this???

    Water in

    3
    May be water in and out can be like
    Water out this!!!

    Water in

    4
    Does always water move
    Water out along the blade like this???
    Water in between
    inlet and out let

    Water in

    5
    Perhaps, the water move
    Water out like this (e.g. localised
    jumps)!!!?

    Water in

    6
    # As the other blade is
    closely located, it will
    generally flow along
    the blade.
    # Nevertheless,
    turbulences, eddies,
    localised jumps that are
    not visible to naked eye
    are obvious
    # It is assumed there
    are infinite number of
    blades and the gap
    between two blades
    are extremely close,
    when deriving
    equations
    #Also, this does not
    mean velocity will be
    tangential to the blade,
    it will have a resultant
    direction that is in
    many cases unknown,
    unless otherwise
    specifically designed7 to
    move so…
    Water particles (say
    streamlines) will be at
    different directions

    8
    V (water, earth) = V (water, blade) + V (blade, earth)
    v1 = w1 + u1
    Water out

    w1 v1
    w1
    β1 Water
    α1 in
    u1

    u1 = r 1 ω

    V (blade, earth) = u1
    V (water, blade) = w1
    w1 should be tangential to the
    blade at that point

    9
    V (water, earth) = V (water, blade) + V (blade, earth)
    v1 = w1 + u1
    Water out

    v1
    w1
    β1

    u1

    Now we will introduce two more


    velocities….
    1) The absolute (i.e., relative to earth)
    circumferential velocity of water
    2) The absolute radial velocity
    component (radial means it is
    perpendicular to the circumferential
    component)

    10
    V (water, earth) = V (water, blade) + V (blade, earth)
    v1 = w1 + u1

    w1

    β1

    u1
    Now we will introduce two more
    velocities….
    1) The absolute (i.e., relative to earth)
    circumferential velocity of water
    2) The absolute radial velocity
    component (radial means it is
    perpendicular to the circumferential
    component)
    11
    V (water, earth) = V (water, blade) + V (blade, earth)
    v1 = w1 + u1

    Both Vn1 and Vt1 are relative to


    earth velocities (i.e. absolute)
    Vn1
    w1

    α1 β1

    Vt1
    u1
    • Vn1 is the absolute normal velocity component of the water.
    Sometimes refer as radial velocity as this component crosses
    the center of the impeller
    • Vt1 is the absolute circumferential velocity of water
    • Both these are velocities of water, and nothing to do with the
    12
    blade of the impeller
    Is Vn1 actually a radial
    velocity?

    v1 v1
    w1 w1
    Vn1 Vn1
    β1 β1

    u1 u1

    13
    V (water, earth) = V (water, blade) + V (blade, earth)
    v1 = w1 + u1

    Both Vn1 and Vt1 are relative to


    earth velocities (i.e. absolute)
    Vn1
    w1
    Vn1

    α1 β1

    Vt1
    u1
    Vt1
    • Therefore, v1 (water, earth) can be found either by solving
    velocity triangle involving v1, u1 and w1 (see the triangle and
    the relative velocity equation)
    • Also v1 can be found if we know its horizontal and vertical
    components (i.e. Vn1 and Vt1)
    14
    By angular momentum
    theory
    Vt1 and Vt2 are absolute circumferential velocity components of the
    flow; then Power delivered to fluid can be calculated as

    Referred as Euler equations for pumps. It shows torque, power and


    head are functions of rotor-tip velocities (u) and absolute fluid
    velocities (v) only; in other words independent of any axial velocities
    through the machine

    Bernoulli equation in rotating


    coordinates

    15
    • As radial velocity Vn can be 𝑉 𝑛 =𝑉 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛∝ 
    expressed as

    • Therefore, by continuity equation power of


    the pump can be expressed as :
    • b1 and b2 are inlet and outlet blade
    widths. This equation also can be used
    to calculate the design flow rate and
    usually estimated assuming the flow
    enters exactly normal to the impeller
    (i.e. α1 is 90°)

    Example: Given are the following data for a commercial centrifugal


    water pump: r1= 4 in, r2 = 7 in, β1= 30°, β2= 20°, speed = 1440 r/min. Estimate
    (a) the design-point discharge (α1 =90 deg), (b) the water horse power, and
    (c) the head if b1 = b2 = 1.75 in.

    16

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