Chemistry Presentation: Topic:Fuels

CHEMISTRY PRESENTATION
TOPIC:FUELS
MADE BY:KRITIKA BISHT

SECTION:2CSE 2X
ENROLLMENT NO.:A2305219088
WHAT IS A FUEL?
The term fuel is applied to a combustible substance

which on burning in presence of oxygen produces a
large amount of heat that can be used economically
for domestic and industrial purposes.
It can be made to react with other substances to

release energy.
HISTORY
The first known use of fuel was the combustion of wood or sticks by Homo erectus nearly
two million years ago. Throughout most of human history only fuels derived from plants or
animal fat were used by humans.
Charcoal, a wood derivative, has been used since at least 6,000 BCE for melting metals.
With the energy in the form of chemical energy that could be released through combustion
but the concept development of the steam engine in the United Kingdom in 1769, coal
came into more common use as a power source.
In the 20th and 21st centuries, the primary use of coal is to generate electricity, providing
40% of the world's electrical power supply in 2005.
Fossil fuels were rapidly adopted during the Industrial Revolution, because they were more
concentrated and flexible than traditional energy sources, such as water power.
Currently the trend has been towards renewable fuels, such as biofuels like alcohols.
GOOD FUEL
An ideal fuel should have the following properties:
1.High calorific value.
2.Moderate ignition temperature.
3.Low moisture content.
4.Moderate velocity of combustion.
5.Products of combustion not harmful.
6.Low cost.
7.Easy to transport
8.Combustion should be controllable
9.No spontaneous combustion
10.Low storage cost
11.Should burn in air with efficiency.
TYPES OF FUELS
On the basis of their occurrence:

i. Primary Fuels: wood, coal
ii. Secondary Fuels: coke, kerosene
On the basis of their physical state:

iii. Solid Fuels: wood
iv. Liquid Fuels: crude oil
v. Gaseous Fuels: natural gas
The most important type that is being discussed now days is ALTERNATIVE FUEL.
WHAT ARE ALTERNATIVE FUELS?
Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and

advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that
can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels
like; fossil fuels
SELECTION OF ALTERNATE
FUELS
While choosing a alternate fuel we should keep in
mind the:
3 E’s
 ECO-FRIENDLY
 ECONOMICAL
 EFFICIENT
WHY CHOOSE ALTERNATIVE FUELS?
1. Conventional fuels are going to run out

2. To reduce pollution
3. To protect against global warming
4. To save money
5. Can frequently be produced domestically
6. More convenience
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS
1. Ethanol
An alcohol-based alternative fuel made by fermenting and distilling crops such as corn,
barley or wheat.
Positive: Materials are renewable.
Negative: Ethanol subsidies have a negative impact on food prices and availability.
2. Natural Gas
Natural gas is an alternative fuel that burns clean and is already widely available to people
in many countries through utilities that provide natural gas to homes and businesses.
Positive: Cars and trucks with specially designed engines produce fewer harmful emissions
than gasoline or diesel.
Negative: Natural gas production creates methane, a greenhouse gas that is 21 times
worse for global warming than CO2.
4. Hydrogen
Hydrogen can be mixed with natural gas to create an alternative fuel for vehicles that
use certain types of internal combustion engines.
Positive: No bad emissions.
Negative: Cost. And also the lack of fueling infrastructure and difficulty of putting it in
place.
6. Biodiesel
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel based on vegetable oils or animal fats, even those
recycled after restaurants have used them for cooking. Vehicle engines can be converted
to burn biodiesel in its pure form, and biodiesel can also be blended with petroleum
diesel and used in unmodified engines.
Positive: Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, reduces air pollutants associated with vehicle
emissions, such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
Negative: Limited production and distribution infrastructure.
CONCLUSION
o Gaseous fuels have high efficiency and good quality but they are expensive
and risky.
o Fossil fuels contribute today the major part of the energy consumed by
mankind. In future the fossil fuels will eventually be finished, so alternative
methods have to be utilized.
o Alternative fuels are eco-friendly as compared to fossil fuels.
o By using alternative fuels we can reduce air pollution which causes many
deadly diseases.
o In order to conserve our resources and protect our environment we need to

use alternative fuels
THANK YOU
MADE BY:KRITIKA BISHT
SECTION:2CS 2X
ENROLLMENT
NO.:A2305219088

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CHEMISTRY PRESENTATION

MADE BY:KRITIKA BISHT

The term fuel is applied to a combustible substance

It can be made to react with other substances to

On the basis of their occurrence:

On the basis of their physical state:

Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and

1. Conventional fuels are going to run out

o Alternative fuels are eco-friendly as compared to fossil fuels.

o In order to conserve our resources and protect our environment we need to

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