Math23 - L4 Lines and Planes
Math23 - L4 Lines and Planes
Math23 - L4 Lines and Planes
SPACE
MATH23
MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS
Week 2 Day 2
GENERAL
OBJECTIVE
Line Segment
Are portions of a straight line with given boundaries or endpoints.
Lines Determined by a Point and a
Vector
Example:
Let L1 and L2 be defined as
L1 : x = 1 + 4t ; y = 5 – 4t ; z = -1 + 5t
L2 : x = 2 + 8t ; y = 4 – 3t ; z = 5 + t
(a) are the lines parallel?
(b) do the lines intersect?
(a) Find the parametric equations of the line L
passing through the point P1(2,4,-1) and P2(5,0,7)
r = r0 + tv , -∞ < t < ∞
(1) Find a vector equation of the line passing through (-1,0,2) and
parallel to the vector < 1,5,-4 >, also find two other points on the
line .
(b) Find the equation of the line in space passing through
P1(2,4,-1) and P2(5,0,7).
Lines Determined by a Point and a
Vector
Parametric Form
x x0 at y y0 bt z z0 bt
Symmetric Form
x x0 y y0 z z0
a b c
Vector Form
r r0 vt x, y, z x0 , y0 , z0 t a, b, c
Equations of Lines:
a.) Find equations of the line that passes through (-2,1)
and (1,3).
b.) Find the parametric and symmetric equations of the line
passing through the point (2, 3, -4) and parallel to the
vector, <-1, 2, 5>.
c.) Find the parametric and symmetric equations of the line
passing through the points (1, 2, -2) and (3, -2, 5).
d.) Determine if the lines are parallel or identical.
Line 1 : x = 3 + t Line 2 : x = 5 – 2t
y = 2 – 2t y = -2 + 4t
z=4+t z = 1 – 2t
e. Show that the lines L1 : x + 1 = 4t, y – 3 = 4t, z – 1 = 0 and
L2 : x + 13 = 12t, y – 1 = 6t, z – 2 = 3t intersect, and find their
point of intersection.
f. Show that the lines L 1: x = 2 + 8t, y = 6 – 8t, z = 10t and
L2 : x = 3 + 8t, y = 5 – 3t, z = 6 + t are skew lines.
g. Determine whether the lines L 1: x = 5 + 3t, y = 4 – 2t,
z = -2 + 3t and L2 : x = -1 + 9t, y = 5 – 6t, z = 3 + 8t are
parallel.
h. Show that the lines L1 : x = 1 + 3t, y = -2 + t, z = 2t and L2 :
x = 4 – 6t, y = -1 – 2t, z = 2 - 4t are the same.
i. Determine whether the points P1 (1, 0, 1), P2 (3, -4, -3), and
P3 (4, -6, -5) lie on the same line.
j. Describe the line segment represented by the vector
equation <x, y, z> = <-2, 1, 4> + t <3, 0, -1> (0 ≤ t ≤ 3)
PLANES
STANDARD EQUATION: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
z z
y y
x x
3. z = 3
4. 2x + 3y =
12
z z
(0, 4, 0)
y y
(6, 0, 0)
x x
5. 2x + 3z = 12 6. 2y + 3z =
12
z z
(0, 0, 4)
(0, 0, 4)
(0, 6, 0)
y y
(6, 0, 0)
x x
6. 2x + 3y + 4z =
12 z
(0, 0, 3)
(0, 4, 0)
y
(6, 0, 0)
x
Planes in Space
1. Find an equation of the plane passing through the point
(3,-1,7) and perpendicular to the vector n =<4,2, -5>.
4. Find the distance between the point P (0, 1, 5) and the plane
3x + 6y – 2z – 5 = 0.