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    Hydraulics: Prepared by Ajesh Kumar.T Si/Fire

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    Suriya Das
    This document discusses basic hydraulics concepts relevant to fire service. It defines key terms like pressure, head, and nozzle discharge. It describes the relationship between pressure and head and characteristics of pressure. It provides equations to calculate the volume of different tank shapes and nozzle discharge. Finally, it outlines the five principal laws governing loss of pressure due to friction and provides equations to calculate friction loss.

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    Hydraulics: Prepared by Ajesh Kumar.T Si/Fire

    Uploaded by

    Suriya Das
    119 views18 pages
    This document discusses basic hydraulics concepts relevant to fire service. It defines key terms like pressure, head, and nozzle discharge. It describes the relationship between pressure and head and characteristics of pressure. It provides equations to calculate the volume of different tank shapes and nozzle discharge. Finally, it outlines the five principal laws governing loss of pressure due to friction and provides equations to calculate friction loss.

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    HYDRAULICS NEW

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    This document discusses basic hydraulics concepts relevant to fire service. It defines key terms like pressure, head, and nozzle discharge. It describes the relationship between pressure and head and characteristics of pressure. It provides equations to calculate the volume of different tank shapes and nozzle discharge. Finally, it outlines the five principal laws governing loss of pressure due to friction and provides equations to calculate friction loss.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    119 views18 pages

    Hydraulics: Prepared by Ajesh Kumar.T Si/Fire

    Uploaded by

    Suriya Das
    This document discusses basic hydraulics concepts relevant to fire service. It defines key terms like pressure, head, and nozzle discharge. It describes the relationship between pressure and head and characteristics of pressure. It provides equations to calculate the volume of different tank shapes and nozzle discharge. Finally, it outlines the five principal laws governing loss of pressure due to friction and provides equations to calculate friction loss.

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    HYDRAULICS

    PREPARED BY
    AJESH KUMAR.T
    SI/FIRE
    GOAL :-

    To make participants understand the


    basic theories of hydraulics and its
    use in fire service
    OBJECTIVES:-
    Upon completing this lesson you will be able to :-

    1. Define and differentiate the pressure and head

    2. Describe the characteristics of pressure

    3. Calculate the water capacity of different types of containers

    4. To define and calculate nozzle discharge

    5. To list five principal laws governing loss of pressure due to friction


    DEFINITION OF PRESSURE

    Pressure may be defined as force acting


    on unit area.

    P= F/A
    Units of the pressure are
    Kg/cm2, Pounds/Inch2, Bar
    DEFINITION OF HEAD

    The head at any point in a liquid column may


    be defined as:- 
     “The vertical height of the free water surface
    from the point at which pressure in terms of
    water column is to be noted.”

    The head is denoted by `H’ and has the unit of


    length i.e. inches, ft, meter.
    RELATION BETWEEN PRESSURE AND HEAD:

     The pressure at any point in a system can


    be converted into head or vice-versa with the
    help of the following relation:
     H=10.19 P
     Where ‘H’ is the head in meter and P is the
    pressure in bar
    CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESSURE:

     i) Pressure is always perpendicular to the


    surface on which it acts.

     ii) Pressure at any point in a liquid at rest is


    of same intensity in all directions.

     iii) Downward pressure of a liquid in an open


    vessel is proportional to its depth.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESSURE:
     iv) Pressure applied from out-side to a liquid
    contained in a vessel is transmitted in all
    directions.

     v) The downward pressure of a liquid in an


    open vessel is proportional to the density of
    liquid, and

     vi) The downward pressure of a liquid on the


    bottom of a vessel is independent of the shape
    of that vessel.
     
    PRESSURE AND FLOW:

     Maximum flow = Actual flow x static pressure


     Loss of pressure  
    VOLUME OF RECTANGULAR TANK
     
     

    Volume = l x b x h
    VOLUME OF SQUARE TANK
     
     

    Volume = l x l x h
    VOLUME OF SLOPING TANK
     
     

    h1 h2

    l
    b
    Volume = l x b (h1 + h2 )
    2
    VOLUME OF CYLINDRICAL TANK

    d
    Volume = ╓ d2 h .m2
    4
    NOZZLE DISCHARGE
    The amount of water flowing out of a nozzle
    is known as nozzle discharge (L).  

    1. L = 2/3 d2 p
    p = PRESSURE IN BAR
    d = DIAMETER OF NOZZLE IN mm

    2. L = Vd2/20
    V = VELOCITY OF FLOW IN Mtr/Sec
    LOSS OF PRESSURE DUE TO FRICTION

    Laws governing loss of pressure due to friction:-


     Friction loss varies directly with the length of
    the pipe.
     For the same velocity, friction loss decreases
    directly with the increase in diameter.
     Friction loss increases directly with the square
    of the velocity.
     Friction loss increases with the roughness of
    the interior of the pipe.
     Friction loss for the all practical purposes, is
    independent of pressure.
    CALCULATION OF FRICTION LOSS  
     Head loss due to friction( meters) = Hf
     Friction factor = f
     Length of pipe or hose ( meter) = l
     Velocity of water ( Meter/sec.) = v
     Diameter of pipe or hose (Meter) = D
     Equivalent of acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2) = g
     H f = 2flv2
     Dg
     Hf = 10.19 Pf
     Pf = 20flV2
     d
    Any Questions ?

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