C-DOT

SWITCH

04/28/2020 1
 GENERAL

C-DOT DSS MAX is a universal digital switch

which can be configured for different
applications as local, transit, or integrated local
and transit switch.

High traffic/load handling capacity upto

8,00,000 BHCA with termination capacity of
40,000 Lines as Local Exchange or 15,000 trunks
as Trunk Automatic Exchange.
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BASIC BUILDING
MODULES
• Base Module
• Central Module
• Administrative Module
• Input Output Module

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4
 The Base Module (BM)
• The basic growth unit of the system.
• It interfaces the external world to the switch.
• The interfaces may be subscriber lines,
analogue and digital trunks.
• Each Base Module can interface upto 2024
terminations.
• It carries out majority of call processing
functions

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 The Single Base Module (SBM)
• In Single Base Module (SBM) exchange
configuration, the Base Module acts as an
independent switching system and provides
connections to 1500 lines and 128 trunks.
• In such a configuration, the Base Module
directly interfaces with the Input Output
Module .
• It is a very useful application for small urban
and rural environments.
•  With minimum modifications in hardware a
Base Module(BM) can be remotely located as
a Remote Switch Unit (RSU), parented to the 6
 Central Module (CM)
• It consists of a message switch and a space
switch to provide inter-module
communication
• It perform voice and data switching between
Base Modules.
• It communicates with Administrative Module
for operation and maintenance functions.
• It also provides clock and synchronisation on a
centralised basis.
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 Administrative Module
• It support administration and maintenance
functions
• It communicates with the Base Module via the
Central Module.
• It supports the Input Output Module for
providing man- machine interface.
• It also supports the Alarm Display Panel for
the audio-visual indication of faults in the
system.
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 Input Output Module (IOM)
• It is a powerful duplex computer system
• It interfaces various secondary storage devices
like disk drives, cartridge tape drive and floppy
drive.
• It supports printers and ports for video
display units which are used for man- machine
communication interface.

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 REMOTE SWITCH UNIT
• The normal BM can be modified for remoting
with the host exchange via 2 Mbps digital links.
• The number of 2 Mbps links between the Main
Exchange and RSU is primarily determined by the
traffic.
• Operation and maintenance functions are
handled by the host exchange.
• A maximum 16 RSUs are possible in C-DOT DSS
MAX-XL and 8 RSUs in MAX-L.

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 HARDWARE
ARCHITECTURE

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BASE MODULE (BM)

• The subscribers may be individual or grouped

PBX lines, analog or digital lines.
• The trunks may be :-
• 1 Two Wire Physical
• 2 E&M Four Wire
• 3 E&M Two Wire
• 4 Digital CAS or CCS.

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• BASE MODULE (BM)
• The basic functions of a Base Module are –
• Analog to digital conversion of all signals on
analog lines and trunks
• Interface to digital trunks
• Switching the calls between terminals
connected to the same Base Module
• Communication with the Administrative
Module via the Central Module for
administrative and maintenance functions
• Provision of special circuits for call processing
support e.g. tones, announcements,
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MF/DTMF senders/receivers
 BA
•Analog Terminal Unit - to interface analog lines/trunks, and
providing special circuits as conference, announcements and
terminal tester.
•Digital Terminal Unit - for interfacing digital trunks i.e. 2Mbps E-
1/PCM links
• Signalling Unit Module - to support SS7 protocol handlers and
call processing functions for CCS7 calls.
• ISDN Terminal Unit - to support termination of BRI/PRI
interfaces
• Time Switch Unit - for voice and message switching and
provision of service circuits.
•Base Processor Unit - for control message communication and call
processing functions.

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 Analog Terminal Unit (ATU)
• The Analog Terminal Unit (ATU) is used for
interfacing 128 analog terminations which
may be lines or trunks.
• It consists of terminal cards which may be a
combination of Line Circuit Cards (LCC), CCB
with Metering (CCM) cards, Two Wire Trunk
(TWT) cards, E&M Two wire (EMT) Trunk cards
and E&M Four wire (EMF) trunk cards
• provision to equip Conference (CNF) card
• Announcement (ANN) to support 15 user 15
 Analog Terminal Unit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
S S
P P
P P
T C T T T C
S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T S
I / U U I /
U C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C U
C I I I C I
I I
S S
P P

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Analog Subscriber Line Cards

• Subscriber line cards as LCC or CCM with

interfaces upto 8 subscribers, provide basic
BORSCHT functions for each line.
• Each CCM card has the provision of battery
reversal for all the 8 lines with the last two
lines having provision to generate 16 KHz
metering pulses to be sent to subscriber's
metering equipment.
• output of four LCCs is multiplexed to form a
32- channel, 2 Mbps PCM link - also called a 17
Analog Subscriber Line Cards
(Contd..)
• Since a Terminal Unit has a maximum of 16
terminal cards, there are four such terminal
groups.
• The signalling information is separated by a
scan/drive logic circuit and is sent to the
signalling processor
• The LCC/CCM also provides test access relay
to isolate the exchange side and line side to
test it separately by using the Terminal Test
Controller (TTC). 18
Analog Trunk Cards
• Analog trunk cards interface analog inter-
exchange trunks which may be of three types
as TWT, EMT and EMF.

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 Signalling Processor (SP) Card
• Signalling Processor (SP) processes the
signalling information received from the
terminal cards.
• This signalling information consists of
scan/drive functions like origination detection,
answer detection, digit reception, reversal
detection, etc.
• The validated events are reported to Terminal
Interface card.
• Based on the information received from the 20
Terminal Interface Controller
(TIC) Card
• Terminal Interface Controller (TIC) controls the
four terminal groups (TG) of 32 channels,
• Multiplex them to form a duplicated 128-
channel, 8 Mbps link towards the Time Switch
(TS).
• For signalling information of 128- channels, it
communicates with Signalling Processor (SP)
to receive/send the signalling event on analog
terminations.
• Terminal Interface Controller is built around 8-
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Special Service Cards
• A Terminal Unit has some special service cards
such as Conference (CNF) Card.
• Terminal Test Controller (TTC) Card is used to
test analog terminal interfaces via the test
access relays on the terminal cards.
• Announcement Controller (ANN) Card
provides 15 announcements on broadcast
basis.
• Only one service card of each type is equipped
in a Base Module with provision of fixed slot
for TTC and variable slots for CNF/ANNC.
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 Digital Terminal Unit (DTU)

• Digital Terminal Unit (DTU) is used exclusively

to interface digital trunks.

• One set of Digital Trunk Synchronization (DTS)

card alongwith the Digital Trunk Controller
(DTC) card is used to provide one E-1
interface.

• Each interface occupies one TG of 32 channels 23

Digital Terminal Unit

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SS7 Signalling Unit Module (SUM)

• Any one of the ATU or DTU in a BM can be

replaced by SUM frame to support CCS7
signalling.
• Only one such unit is equipped in the
exchange irrespective of its configuration or
capacity.

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 #7 Signalling Unit Module

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
H H
P P
P P S S S S T T S S S S P P
B C T T C B
S S H H H H U U H H H H S S
M / U U / M
U U M M M M I I M M M M U U
E B C C B E
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 3
P P
C C

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ISDN - Terminal Unit (ISTU)

• One of the four ATUs/DTUs in a BM can be

replaced by ISTU to provide BRI/PRI interfaces
in C-DOT DSS.
• The only constraint is that ISTU has to be
principal TU i.e. directly connected to TSU on
8 Mbps PCM link.
• By equipping one ISTU in the exchange, a max.
of 256 B channels are available to the
administrator which can be configured as BRI,
PRI or any mix as per site requirement. 27
 ISDN Terminal Unit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
P P I I I I I I
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
S S T C I I C T
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
U U C C C C C C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1

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Time Switch Unit (TSU)

• Time Switch Unit (TSU) implements three

basic functions
• As time switching within the Base Module,
routing of control-messages within the Base
Module and across Base Modules and support
services like MF/DTMF circuits, answering
circuits, tones, etc.
• These functions are performed by three
different functional units, integrated as time
switch unit in a single frame .  29
 Time Switch Unit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
P S S P
T M M A M M T T T T T T T T M M A M M T
S C C S
G F F F S S S S S S S S S S S S F F F G
U I I U
A C C B D C I M C S S C M I C D B C C A
II C C II

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(1) Service Unit (SU)

• Service Unit is integrated around three

different cards as Tone Generator with
Answering Circuit (TGA), Service Circuit
Interface Controller (SCIC). and MF/DTMF
Controller (MFC) Card.
• Two MFC cards are grouped to form a terminal
group.
• Upto four  MFC Cards can be equipped

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(2) Base Message Switch (BMS)
• Base Message Switch (BMS) routes the control
messages within the Base Module, across different
Base Modules, and also Administrative Module via
the Central Module.
• It is implemented around two different cards as
Message Switch Controller (MSC) with six direct
HDLC-links and the Message Switch Device (MSD)
Card implementing 16 switched HDLC links.
• As a unit, total 22 HDLC channels are implemented
for communication with the Base Processor

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(2) Base Message Switch (BMS)

• To support 8,00,000 BHCA, MSC and MSD

cards are replaced by a High performance
Message Switch (HMS) with high speed, 32 bit
microprocessor (MC 68040).

• It implements 38 HDLC links  

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 (3) Time Switch (TS)
•  The Time Switch complex is implemented
using three different functional cards as
multiplexer/demultiplexer (TSM), time switch
(TSS) and time switch controller (TSC).
• The Time Switch complex receives the
following PCM links and performs time-
switching on them for switching within the
Base Module :
• (1) Four 128-channel multiplexed links from
four different Terminal Units which may be
any combination of ATU, DTU, #7SU and ISTU.
• (2)One 128-channel multiplexed BUS from the34
Base Processor Unit (BPU)

• Base Processor Unit (BPU) is the master

controller in the Base Module.
• It is implemented as a duplicated controller
with memory units.
• These duplicated sub-units are realised in the
form of the following cards :
•  Base Processor Controller (BPC) Card
• Base Memory Extender (BME) Card

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Base Processor Unit

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Base Processor Unit (BPU)
(Contd…)
• BPC controls time-switching within the Base
Module via the Base Message Switch and the
Time Switch Controller.
• It communicates with the Administrative
Processor via Base Message Switch for
operations and maintenance functions.
• In a SBM configuration, BPC directly
interfaces with the Alarm Display Panel and
the Input Output Module.
•   37
 CENTRAL MODULE (CM)
• Central Module (CM) is responsible for space switching of
inter-Base Module calls, communication between Base
Modules and the Administrative Module, clock distribution
and network synchronisation.

• For these functions, Central Module has a Space Switch,

Space Switch Controller and a Central Message Switch.

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CENTRAL MODULE (CM)
(Contd…)
• CM provides connectivity to 16 BMs if it is CM-L and
32 BMs if it is CM-XL. Each BM interfaces with CM via
two 512-channel parallel buses as BUS-0 and BUS-1,
each operating at 4 Mbps.

• In a 32 Base Module configuration, there are 64

parallel buses carrying the voice information from
Base Modules to the Central Module, and also the
switched information in the reverse direction.

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Space Switch (SS) and Space
Switch Controller (SSC)
• In order to take care of the large number of
interface signals, the switch portion of CM is
divided into three stages viz. MUX stage,
Switch stage and DEMUX stage.
• The MUX and DEMUX stages are
implemented on single card to provide the
Base Module to Central Module interface in
each direction.

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 SS and SSC (contd..)
• Interfacing and switching are controlled by
SSC which provides control signals for the
MUX/DEMUX cards and the Space Switch
Switch cards.
• These time-slots carry control message from
each Base Module and these messages are
sent to the Central Message Switch (CMS).

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Clock Distribution
 
•  CM provides the central clock for distribution
to the Base Modules.
• The 8MHz clock may be locally generated at
the Central Clock (CCK) card in case of CM-XL
and of Space Switch Clock (SCK) card in case of
CM-L by using high stability VCXO crystal
• or may be derived from an external reference
clock using the Network Synchronisation
Controller (NSC) card in case of CM-XL and
Network Synchronisation Equipment (NSE) in 42
NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION
IN C-DOT DSS

• Locked Mode
• Holdover Mode
• Free Run Mode  

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 Central Message Switch (CMS)
• . It is implemented as four different message
switches, working in load-sharing mode.
• Each message switch is a high performance
message routing block, implemented by using
high speed 32 bit microprocessor MC 68040 in
case of CM-XL and 16 bit microprocessor MC
68000 in case of CM L.

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ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE (AM)

• Administrative Module (AM) consists of a

duplicated 16/32-bit controller called the
Administrative Processor (APC).
• It communicates with Base Processors via the
Central Message Switch for control messages
and with the duplicated Input Output
Processors in the Input Output Module for
interfacing peripheral devices
• Administrative processor is responsible for
global routing, translation, resource allocation
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INPUT OUTPUT MODULE (IOM)

• Input Output Module (IOM) consists of

duplicated Input Output Processor (IOP).
• The Input Output Processor (IOP) is a general
purpose computer with UNIX Operating
System.
• It is used as the front end processor in C-DOT
DSS.
• It handles all the input and output functions in
C-DOT DSS.
• The IOP is connected to AP/BP via HDLC links 46
IOP-VH Hardware Architecture

• The IOP-VH is value engineered high

performance IOP, designed using a single card.
• The IOP CPU uses MC 68040 (25 MHz)
processor on the VHC card.
• All active IOP processes reside in the dynamic
RAM.
• Also the data being transferred through HDLC
links, secondary storage devices and
terminals, use the dynamic RAM.
• The IOP as a module is duplicated to provide 47
IOP-VH Peripherals

• Input Output Processor (IOP-VH) supports

three standard SCSI-2 interfaces, on VHC card,
• one each for Winchester Drive, Cartridge Tape
Drive and one as spare.
• Here, it may be noted that only the
peripherals with SCSI-2 interface can be used
in IOP-VH.

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Front Panel Display

• The CPU ‘Reset’ and ‘Abort’ switches are

provided along with lock and key.
• ‘Run’ and ‘Halt’ LEDs for the CPU status
indication is also extended on the front panel.
• A ‘Reset’ LED is provided along with RESET
switch and glows when the CPU is reset by
pressing ‘RESET’ switch on the front panel.
• Power I/P LED is provided to indicate the
presence of I/P power on the front panel.
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REMOTE SWITCHING UNIT (RSU)

• In case of a Remote Switch Unit (RSU) the

Time Switch Switch (TSS) cards in BM are
replaced by Enhanced Time Switch (ETS) cards.
• In case of a remotely located BM (RSU), the
corresponding MUX/DEMUX cards in CM are
replaced by Enhanced Switch MUX (ESM)
Cards in CM-XL and ESL cards in CM-L.

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ALARM DISPLAY PANEL

• It is a three card implementation. A matrix of

LEDs is provided to indicate the maintenance
status of the switch units and their level of
initialisation.
• A seven-segment display shows the count of
lines and trunks currently faulty.
• Keys are provided for manual
acknowledgment, initiating self test and
selective audio disable.
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Thank You