Brazil: Republica Federativa Do Brasil

BRAZIL
Official Name: Republica Federativa do Brasil
Short form: Brasil
International long form: Federative Republic of Brazil
International short form: Brazil

Click icon to add picture
FLAG OF BRAZIL
It has green with a large
yellow diamond in the
center bearing a blue
celestial globe with 27
white five-pointed stars
(one for each state and the
Federal District) arranged
in the same pattern as the
night sky over Brazil; the
globe has a white
equatorial band with the
motto ORDEM E
PROGRESSO (Order and
Progress).
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ID=WIBIGIVQI7AC&PG=PA29&DQ=BRAZIL+AS+DISCUSSED+IN+GEOPOLITICS+BY+CHAPMAN&SOURCE=GBS_TOC_
R&CAD=4#V=ONEPAGE&Q&F=TRUE HTTPS://WWW.CIA.GOV/LIBRARY/PUBLICATIONS/THE-WORLD-
FACTBOOK/GEOS/BR.HTML
BRAZIL
- Occupies about 50% of South
America.
- Border Countries
are Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia,
French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname
, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
- The country has an almost 7,500

km long coastline at the Atlantic
Ocean.
- The country is huge, it is divided
into 26 States and 1 Federal
District. Out of the 26 states,
only nine are landlocked.
- The national capital is Brasília,

the planned city atop the
Brazilian highlands.
- Largest city and Brazil's

economic capital is Sao Paulo,
the most 'famous' city is Rio de
Janeiro.
Brazil is a Federal Republic
Brazil is a federal
presidential constitutional republic,
based on representative democracy.
The federal government has three

independent branches: executive,
legislative, and judicial.
Consist of 26 states and the federal

district of Brasilia
Each state has its own elected

legislature and governor
The Federal Constitution is
the supreme law of Brazil. It is the
foundation and source of the legal
authority underlying the existence
of Brazil and the federal
government.
It provides the framework for the

organization of the Brazilian
government and for the relationship
of the federal government to
the states, to citizens, and to all
people within Brazil.
Government:
Executive power is exercised by the
executive, headed by the President,
advised by a Cabinet of Ministers. The
President is both the head of state and
the head of government.
Legislative power is vested upon

the National Congress, a two-chamber
legislature comprising the Federal
Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.
Judicial power is exercised by the

judiciary, consisting of the Supreme
Federal Court, the Superior Court of
Justice and other Superior Courts,
the National Justice Council and
the regional federal courts.
BACKGROUND
Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its
independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the
abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the
military in 1889.
Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader
Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930.
Brazil underwent more than a half century of populist and military government until
1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers.
Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its
interior.
BACKGROUND
Having successfully weathered a period of global financial difficulty in the late
20th century, Brazil was seen as one of the world's strongest emerging markets and
a contributor to global growth.
The awarding of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympic Games,
the first ever to be held in South America, was seen as symbolic of the country's
rise.
However, from about 2013 to 2016, Brazil was plagued by a sagging economy,
high unemployment, and high inflation, only emerging from recession in 2017.
GEOGRAPHY
Location: Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean.
Area: 8.5 million km² (3 290 000 sq. mi.) slightly larger than 15 times the
size of France and slightly smaller than the USA. Making it the fifth largest
country in the world and also the largest country in South America and in the
Southern Hemisphere (and yes, it is larger than Australia by some 800,000
square kilometers)
Terrain: Dense rain forests in northern regions including the Amazon Basin;
semiarid along the northeast coast; mountains, hills, and rolling plains in the
southwest, including Mato Grosso; and coastal lowland.
Nationality: Brazilian
Population: (in 2017) 207 million
GNI per capita: $ 8,745 (year)
Ethnic groups: Brazil's population is derived from three main ethnic

sources. To the original inhabitants (Indians) were added
successive waves of Europeans (mainly Portuguese) and Africans
(mostly from the sub-Saharan west coast, belonging to the Bantu and
to the Sudanic (Yoruba) ethnic groups)
Religion: Roman Catholic (80%)
Language: Brazilian Portuguese
Literacy: 81% of adult population
Natural resources: Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, uranium,

gemstones, oil, wood, and aluminum.
Brazil has 12% of the world's fresh water.
ECONOMY
Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a

recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the country’s history. In 2017,
Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank
lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%.
The economy has been negatively affected by multiple corruption scandals
involving private companies and government officials, including the impeachment
and conviction of Former President Dilma ROUSSEFF in August 2016. Sanctions
against the firms involved — some of the largest in Brazil — have limited their
business opportunities, producing a ripple effect on associated businesses and
contractors but creating opportunities for foreign companies to step into what had
been a closed market.
ECONOMY
The succeeding TEMER administration has implemented a series of fiscal and structural
reforms to restore credibility to government finances. Congress approved legislation in
December 2016 to cap public spending. Government spending growth had pushed public
debt to 73.7% of GDP at the end of 2017, up from over 50% in 2012. The government
also boosted infrastructure projects, such as oil and natural gas auctions, in part to raise
revenues. Other economic reforms, proposed in 2016, aim to reduce barriers to foreign
investment, and to improve labor conditions. Policies to strengthen Brazil’s workforce
and industrial sector, such as local content requirements, have boosted employment, but at
the expense of investment.
Brazil is a member of the Common Market of the South (Mercosur), a trade bloc that
includes Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. After the Asian and Russian financial crises,
Mercosur adopted a protectionist stance to guard against exposure to volatile foreign
markets and it currently is negotiating Free Trade Agreements with the European Union
and Canada.
ECONOMY
Chief products of the state include
• Agricultural (farm) products:

- The biggest exporter of coffee, soybeans, beef,
sugar cane, ethanol and frozen chickens.
• Other products: wheat, rice, corn, cocoa, and citrus.
Exports - commodities: transport equipment, iron ore,
soybeans, footwear, coffee, automobiles
Exports partners:
China 19%, USA13%, Argentina 6.8%, Netherlands
5.4% (2015)
Imports - commodities: machinery, electrical and

transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive
parts, electronics
Imports partners:
China 17.9%, USA 15.6%, Germany 6.1%, Argentina
6%,South Korea 6.1% (2015)
INDUSTRIES
• Textiles • Tin
• Shoes • Steel
• Chemicals • Aircraft
• Cement • Motor vehicles and parts, other
machinery and equipment.
• Lumber
• Iron ore
Click icon to add picture
CLIMATE
Mostly tropical
or semitropical
with temperate
zone in the
south.
BRAZIL
• Brazilian geopolitics have historically focused on territorial expansion, including
international controversy over its development of the mineral-rich Amazonian north,
attempts to develop the agricultural but drought-prone northeast extending into the
Atlantic Ocean, and developing additional agricultural, high-tech, mineral, and
industrial resources in the southeast, south, and central west.
• Internationally, Brazilian stressed their fear of being surrounded by the Spanish
speaking countries such Argentina. Argentina’s desire is
1. to control the southern atlantic
2. Have access to antartica
3. To promote southern American economic development and cooperation through the
southern common market union (MERCOSUR)
BRAZIL
Brazilian geopolitical objectives include keeping the southern
hemisphere free of weapons of mass destruction and combatting
terrorism and drug trafficking and overcoming historical problems
caused by periodic military rule.
Key geopolitical emphases of Brazil’s 2008 defense white paper
include maintaining a desire for peaceful relations with its
neighbors, peaceful conflict resolution and non intervention in
external affairs, and a national desire to become a world power
without promoting hegemony or domination.
BRAZIL
Its armed forces were built to protect Brazilian airspace, territory, and
jurisdictional waters.
Reorganized the defense industry to ensure that military technological needs
are met and mastered.
Strengthened the national cyberinfrastucture, nuclear, and space sectors for
national security exigencies because Brazil’s most critical national defense
concerns are in the country’s north (Amazon), west, and the South Atlantic,
with appropriate armed services deployment to these areas to respond to
crisis situations.
Promoting regional security cooperation with other South American
Countries.
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
• Dispute – International • Illicit drugs
Uncontested boundary dispute Second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world;

between Brazil and Uruguay over illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca
cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic
Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the
consumption; government has a large-scale
Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the eradication program to control cannabis; important
tripoint with Argentina in transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and
questionsmuggling of firearms Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by
and narcotics continues to be an traffickers as a way station for narcotics air
issue along the Uruguay-Brazil transshipments between Peru and Colombia;
borderColombian-organized upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons
illegal narcotics and paramilitary smuggling; important market for Colombian,
Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics
activities penetrate Brazil's
proceeds are often laundered through the financial
border region with Venezuela system; significant illicit financial activity in the
Tri-Border Area

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BRAZIL

Official Name: Republica Federativa do Brasil

Short form: Brasil

International long form: Federative Republic of Brazil

International short form: Brazil

- The country has an almost 7,500

- The national capital is Brasília,

- Largest city and Brazil's

The federal government has three

Consist of 26 states and the federal

Each state has its own elected

It provides the framework for the

Legislative power is vested upon

Judicial power is exercised by the

Population: (in 2017) 207 million

GNI per capita: $ 8,745 (year)

Ethnic groups: Brazil's population is derived from three main ethnic

Language: Brazilian Portuguese

Literacy: 81% of adult population

Natural resources: Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, uranium,

Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a

Chief products of the state include

• Agricultural (farm) products:

• Other products: wheat, rice, corn, cocoa, and citrus.

Imports - commodities: machinery, electrical and

Uncontested boundary dispute Second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world;

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