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    Fermi Surface: Notes By: Shahzaib Shahid

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    Shazaib Mirza
    The Fermi surface represents the maximum kinetic energy of electrons in a metal at a given temperature. It is visualized as a sphere in velocity space, where each point represents an electron velocity. Within the Fermi sphere, all electron velocity states are occupied at zero temperature. As temperature increases, a small number of electrons are excited from inside to outside the Fermi sphere. When an electric field is applied, the Fermi sphere shifts slightly, leaving some electrons unbalanced and producing an electric current proportional to the number and velocity of these uncompensated electrons. The Fermi velocity and surface are independent of temperature.

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    Fermi Surface: Notes By: Shahzaib Shahid

    Uploaded by

    Shazaib Mirza
    436 views7 pages
    The Fermi surface represents the maximum kinetic energy of electrons in a metal at a given temperature. It is visualized as a sphere in velocity space, where each point represents an electron velocity. Within the Fermi sphere, all electron velocity states are occupied at zero temperature. As temperature increases, a small number of electrons are excited from inside to outside the Fermi sphere. When an electric field is applied, the Fermi sphere shifts slightly, leaving some electrons unbalanced and producing an electric current proportional to the number and velocity of these uncompensated electrons. The Fermi velocity and surface are independent of temperature.

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    Fermi Surface

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    The Fermi surface represents the maximum kinetic energy of electrons in a metal at a given temperature. It is visualized as a sphere in velocity space, where each point represents an electron velocity. Within the Fermi sphere, all electron velocity states are occupied at zero temperature. As temperature increases, a small number of electrons are excited from inside to outside the Fermi sphere. When an electric field is applied, the Fermi sphere shifts slightly, leaving some electrons unbalanced and producing an electric current proportional to the number and velocity of these uncompensated electrons. The Fermi velocity and surface are independent of temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    436 views7 pages

    Fermi Surface: Notes By: Shahzaib Shahid

    Uploaded by

    Shazaib Mirza
    The Fermi surface represents the maximum kinetic energy of electrons in a metal at a given temperature. It is visualized as a sphere in velocity space, where each point represents an electron velocity. Within the Fermi sphere, all electron velocity states are occupied at zero temperature. As temperature increases, a small number of electrons are excited from inside to outside the Fermi sphere. When an electric field is applied, the Fermi sphere shifts slightly, leaving some electrons unbalanced and producing an electric current proportional to the number and velocity of these uncompensated electrons. The Fermi velocity and surface are independent of temperature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Fermi Surface

    Notes By:
    SHAHZAIB SHAHID
    The electrons in metal are continuous in random motion and their energy is
    purely Kinetic

      𝟏 𝟐
    𝑲 . 𝑬= 𝒎 𝒗
    𝟐
     Let us introduce velocity space with axes

    Each point in space represents different velocity


    and magnitude.
      Consider electrons in this velocity
    space----
    Velocity of each electron is random so the
    points representing them fill up the sphere   Temperature T= 0
    At
    uniformly. i) The points inside the sphere
    There Exists a sphere outside which all are al occupied
    points are empty , this sphere is called b ii) The points outside the
    Fermi sphere ,its surface is called Fermi sphere are all unoccupied
    surface . because there energy is
    greater then Fermi energy
    The radius of this sphere is called Fermi
    speed
    There is no appreciable affects of temperature on Fermi surface . The Fermi velocity is
    Independent of Temperature .
    When temperature is raised only few electrons from inside of Fermi surface are
    excited to outer surface of sphere .

     If we substitute Energy as for energy of electrons we have

    So Fermi velocity is
    Electrical conductivity : Effects of the Fermi surface
    In absence of Electric field:
    i) Fermi sphere is centered at origin
    ii) Electrons are moving randomly each carrying individual current

    The total current of the system is zero because for each electron with v there exist
    electron with -v .

    Fermi
    Sphere in
    absence of
    Electric field

    FS at
    Equilibrium
    The Situation changes when field is applied

    If the Field is applied in Each Electron   𝒆𝝉


    𝒗 𝒅 =−( )
    +ve x direction acquire 𝒎
    Drift velocity

    The whole Fermi sphere


    is displaced to left ,
    although the
    displacement is very
    small.

    The electrons in the shaded area are called


    uncompensated electrons which produce currents
     
    The calculation of Current density is as follows:
    The fraction of uncompensated electrons =

    Concentration of these electrons = N()


    Each electron has velocity = -
    So The current density is :

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